Trace Decay Trace decay

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Trace Decay Trace decay The theory suggests that learning causes a physical change in the neural network of the memory system, creating a memory trace or “engram” Hebb (1949) looked at the brain and showed that a memory occurs when a group of nerve cells excite (stimulate) one another

engram noun a postulated biochemical change (presumably in neural tissue) that represents a memory Engram = biochemical change (presumably in neural tissue) that represents a memory

Once this memory trace has been created in STM, it must be reinforced through repetition to strengthen it (maintenance rehearsal) If the trace is not reinforced by practice it will simply weaken and decay, causing forgetting to occur.

Trace Decay (STM)

Trace decay explains forgetting in STM as a problem of availability – that is, the information is lost completely from the memory system. Biological processes in the brain cause the trace to decay until eventually the message it carried, is lost Cue dependent theory was about acessibility

Supporting Evidence for Trace Decay Theory Peterson & Peterson (1959) Had participants recall trigrams (HDG) after varying intervals of time Immediately an Interference task was given (counting backwards in threes) to prevent rehearsal They found less than only 10% of information was recalled after 18 seconds This is evidence for trace decay in STM. Because participants weren’t able to practice/repeat the information held in STM. It couldn’t transfer to LTM and so the memory trace decayed -

Evaluation However, a weakness of the Peterson & Peterson EXPERIMENT is that because it was conducted in a laboratory, the experiment involved artificial tasks, like trying to remember trigrams and then counting backwards, meaning it lacked M---------- R-----------. Also it took place in an artificial setting, and therefore lacked E…………. V……………. So the results may not be valid in the “real world”, and therefore this study cannot easily be generalised to how we use memory in every day life. Overall It lacks EXTERNAL VALIDITY So why did they do it? Mundane realism