Descent With Modification: A Darwinian View of Life Chapter 22 Descent With Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

I. The History Of Evolutionary Thought A. Early Scientists: 1.________ -Scala naturae-ladder 2.Natural _________ (1700’s) perfect species designed by God.(adaptations proved perfection) 3._______ (1707-78) founded _______, the science of naming and classifying organisms according to their pattern of creation.

4.Cuvier (1769-1832) founded the science of ___________ as he documented the succession of fossil specimens around Paris. He believed in __________, the idea that the layers of the earth corresponded to major catastrophes.

5.________ (1726-97) proposed ____________--slow erosive processes shaped the earth. 6._____ (1797-1875) proposed uniformitarianism--geology must be explained by current processes (erosion, mountain building)

7.__________(1744-1829) theory of evolution based on the faulty ideas of “use and disuse” and “inheritance of acquired traits”.

B. ______ ________(1809-1882), The Father of Evolutionary Theory. 1.His voyage on the _______ altered his perspective: Noticed great diversity Organisms in S. America resembled W. African organisms. Saw fossils Studied Galapagos animals. Read Lyell’s book.

2.Wrote the book, On the Origin of Species. 3.Coined the phrase, “_______ ___ ________”, to mean that all organisms are related and evolved from __________ ancestors.

C.Darwin’s Theory: 1._____________ is differential reproductive success. 2.N.S. occurs through the __________ between the environment and the variation amongst individuals. 3.________ to the environment is the result of N.S.

4. ________________ , farmers selecting for desirable traits, lent evidence to Darwin’s theory: All these vegetables have a common ancestor: wild mustard, A.S. has allowed farmers to produce the variety seen here.

D.Some important points: 1.____________ acts on a _________, not on individuals! 2.Evolution can only act on ________ variations.

The best theories are supported by multiple lines of _______, have a __________ explanation and are ____________. 1._________:fossils, molecular biology, comparative anatomy, comparative embryology, biogeography 2.______ ___________:(Mechanisms) a.Natural Selection b.Mutation 3._______ ________:Ability to make predictions from available evidence.

II. Evidence of Evolution A. _______ Evidence: Predation in guppies results in drab color… Appearance of new viruses and bacteria

B. The ___________ is consistent with other lines of evidence and provides predictable evidence.

C. Evidence from homology and convergent evolution also support evolution. 1.__________structures are modified for different functions but have similar anatomy.

2. ________ organs are anatomical structures that serve no purpose 2.________ organs are anatomical structures that serve no purpose. They are primary proofs of evolution because they show that old useless genes are still around.

3. __________ provide some of the most compelling evidence for evolution. The Panda’s Thumb…

4.___________ evolution explains how distantly related species may resemble each other. Structure may be ____________, not homologous(wing of a butterfly/bird)

D.Studies of ____________, the geographical distribution of species, lends further evidence. Continental drift explains a lot! Endemic species are found in one place only!

E. Comparative ___________ shows that closely related organisms undergo similar _______________ development.

F. ________________ have predictive power and strongly support evolutionary biology. 1.__________ language of DNA/RNA 2.Evolutionary _____________ among species are reflected in their DNA and the ____________ produced from it.