Clicker #1 How many of the following statements are true concerning an electron in its ground state? I. The electron must be in its lowest-energy state. II. Energy must be applied to the electron in order to excite it. III. The electron must be located on the nucleus of an atom. IV. The electron can release energy to obtain a lower ground state. A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) 4

Clicker #2 How many electrons can fit in a set of d orbitals in the third energy level? How many electrons can fit in a set of f orbitals in the fourth energy level? A) 1; 1 B) 2; 2 C) 5; 7 D) 10; 14 E) 15; 28

Clicker #3 Why is diagram #1 preferred over diagram #2? diagram #1 diagram #2 A) Because spreading out between orbitals of equal energy will minimize electron-electron repulsions. B) Because each orbital “wants” an electron and this way two of the orbitals will be “happy”. C) Because this way there are fewer electrons in the element so the nucleus can have a greater positively charged pull overall. D) Because this arrangement allows us to better predict the wavelength (and thus color) of light that will be emitted to return to its ground state.

Clicker #4 How many unpaired electrons does sulfur contain in its ground state? A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) 6