The plant lipidome in human and environmental health by Patrick J. Horn, and Christoph Benning Science Volume 353(6305):1228-1232 September 16, 2016 Published by AAAS

Fig. 1 The plant glycerolipidome. The plant glycerolipidome. Plants are capable of combinatorial lipid chemistry. Glycerolipids consist of a combination of one to three fatty acids (inner dial) connected to a glycerol backbone. Positions on the glycerol backbone are designated as sn-1, sn-2, or sn-3. The glycerolipid subclass (outer dial, arranged in order of decreasing polarity) is specified by different polar head groups at the sn-3 position, or a hydroxyl (–OH) or acyl group in the case of neutral lipids. Patrick J. Horn, and Christoph Benning Science 2016;353:1228-1232 Published by AAAS

Fig. 2 Twenty years of engineering hydroxy fatty acids in oilseeds. Twenty years of engineering hydroxy fatty acids in oilseeds. Data points represent individual reports of GM crops or Arabidopsis accumulating hydroxy fatty acids. Data are adapted from table S1 of Horn et al. (17). Patrick J. Horn, and Christoph Benning Science 2016;353:1228-1232 Published by AAAS

Fig. 3 Redesigning lipid droplets (LDs) as synthetic biology platform. Redesigning lipid droplets (LDs) as synthetic biology platform. The proteome of plant and algal LDs is dominated by a set of “major proteins,” MP1 or MP2. These contain specific LD-targeting information and are inserted into the monolayer membrane at the periphery of the LD. Enzymes of interest (E) may be targeted to the LD using protein fusions (E1 fused to MP1) or through scaffold associations with other already LD-anchored proteins (E4). These enzymes would then catalyze available or directed substrates (S) on the LD surface, sequestering their lipophilic products (P4) within the LD or releasing hydrophilic products (P1, P2, P3) into cytosol. The LD shown is forming at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but could also be associated with chloroplast envelopes. Patrick J. Horn, and Christoph Benning Science 2016;353:1228-1232 Published by AAAS