Variable life adjusted display (VLAD chart) showing observed versus expected mortability with cumulative lives lost below the x-axis and cumulative lives saved above the x-axis. Variable life adjusted display (VLAD chart) showing observed versus expected mortability with cumulative lives lost below the x-axis and cumulative lives saved above the x-axis. NSECH, Northumbria Specialist Emergency Care Hospital. Nicholas David Lane et al. BMJ Open Resp Res 2018;5:e000334 ©2018 by British Thoracic Society