Evaluation of efficacy of an ultrasonic scalpel for pulmonary vascular ligation in an animal model  Daniel G. Nicastri, MD, Maoxin Wu, MD, PhD, Jaime Yun, MD, Scott J. Swanson, MD  The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  Volume 134, Issue 1, Pages 160-164 (July 2007) DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.02.015 Copyright © 2007 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 The Harmonic Ace (Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc; Cincinnati, Ohio) is a small handheld ultrasonic scalpel. The blade jaws have 2 lines that indicate a 5-mm diameter. Notice the small fibers on the superior blade (arrow). The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2007 134, 160-164DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.02.015) Copyright © 2007 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 At 6 weeks, the lumen is almost completely closed, with the exception of occasional blood vessels (arrows), similar to an immature scar (hematoxylin-eosin: 50× magnification). The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2007 134, 160-164DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.02.015) Copyright © 2007 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Percentage of vessels sealed for 9 operations. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2007 134, 160-164DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.02.015) Copyright © 2007 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions