and the Particle Theory of Matter Properties of Matter and the Particle Theory of Matter Learning Objectives: to understand what matter is to understand how particles of matter behave when they are in the form of a solid, liquid or gas

What is Matter? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. It behaves in certain ways and can undergo change.

Particle Theory of Matter The Particle Theory of Matter describes what matter is made of and how it behaves. It describes the differences between solids, liquids and gases. There are 4 main ideas to the Particle Theory of Matter.

Main Ideas Matter is made up of tiny particles with empty space between them.

Main Ideas Different kinds of particles make up different substances.

Main Ideas Particles are always moving and move faster when temperature increases. Solid- particles vibrate while bonded to each other Gas- particles move randomly, no longer bonded to each other

Main Ideas Particles attract each other.

Particle Theory Matchup Match the following statements to the pictures on the worksheet Particles attract each other All matter is made up of tiny particles. Particle are in constant random motion. The particles of a substance move faster as its temperature increases Different substance are made up of different kinds of particles There are large empty spaces between particles 11

Ball and Ring Experiment Explain why the ball fits through the ring when they are both at room temperature, but the ball does not fit through the ring when it is heated.

How can you fill a balloon without blowing air into it from your mouth... Explain why heating water can cause a balloon to expand.

Explain this... Explain why an empty pop can, with some water in the bottom, crushes in on itself when it is put in cold water after being heated over a flame.

Solids, Liquids and Gases Solids have a definite shape and volume. This is because the particles in a solid are so close that strong attractions between particles allow bonds to form between them.

Solids, Liquids and Gases Liquids flow easily, have a definite volume but not a fixed shape (takes the shape of the container). Particles in a liquid are further apart, so the attractions between them are weaker and bonds between particles are broken. 9

Solids, Liquids and Gases Gases don’t have a definite volume or shape. The particles spread out to fill the container. Gaseous particles are very far apart and moving quickly, so there is very little attraction between the particles and bonds are not present.

Simulation http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/states-of- matter-basics

Changing State Melting Boiling (evaporation)