The Industrial Revolution in the United States Aim: What were the Causes & Effects of the Industrial Revolution? Do Now: Write in your notebook. What was Alexander Hamilton’s vision of America? Thomas Jefferson’s vision? The Industrial Revolution in the United States C Mr. Ott – BETA 2011-12

The Industrial Revolution – in the United States British mercantilism kept the U.S. as a colony which delayed economic development until Late 18th Century (1790s). Great Britain prohibited the sale of manufacturing equipment and emigration of skilled labor to U.S. Adam Smith influenced the U.S. economic system.

What was life & work like…? The Industrial Revolution What was life & work like…? Before: People Produced Goods in their Homes (Families & (Cottage Industry) People Farmed for what they needed Subsistence Farming Or Sold Small Quantities During: People Manufactured Goods in Factories Mass Production Textiles, etc People Produced a Surplus of Food to Sell at Market Cotton, Corn, etc Found New Ways to Improve their life.

Cotton Gin Increased Cotton Production & Slavery Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1793. Eli Whitney’s cotton gin. Cotton Gin Increased Cotton Production & Slavery

Interchangeable Parts Identical parts that can be substituted in the manufacture or repair of a product Invented by Eli Whitney to make muskets for the U.S. government Assembly Lines Each worker adding one part in order to create a finished product Used first in Lowell’s textile (clothes) factories Resulted in the construction of factories across the Northern U.S.

Early Industrial Development– Textile (Fabric) Mills Largest industry at the time was textiles. Even though the textile industry was the largest business, factories were still small An early textile mill.

Textile (fabric) Mills Samuel Slater – “Rhode Island System” First to use steam-driven power looms for making textiles. Francis Lowell – “Waltham System” Used water-power looms. Hired non-family supervisors & managers with corporate model. Used integrated spinning and weaving to manufacture goods in large quantities. Relied on adult female labor. Francis Lowell Samuel Slater

Textile Mill at Pawtucket, Rhode Island Mill – present day reconstruction Depiction of Mill

Courtesy of Association of American Railroads (AAR) The Railroads Courtesy of Association of American Railroads (AAR) First “big business” in the U.S. – developed c. 1830. Started the transportation revolution. Facilitated U.S. industry move from local markets to national markets. Railroads had size and complexity. Required a management system.

Communication Revolution Telegraph, patented by Samuel Morse in 1837, started concurrent revolution in communication. By 1860, about 50,000 miles of wires extended over the eastern U.S. Dramatic effect on business communication. Facilitated U.S. industry move from local markets to national markets. Richard Sears used the telegraph to see gold watches – the first electronic commerce. Samuel Morse

Industrial Revolution - Results From independence to 1860, the U.S. grew and developed industry. Period was critical to development of the modern business. Railroads and the telegraph allowed businesses to grow nationwide. Development of the Middle Class. Inventions improved quality of life for people.