J. Lerman  British Journal of Anaesthesia 

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Perioperative management of the paediatric patient with coexisting neuromuscular disease  J. Lerman  British Journal of Anaesthesia  Volume 107, Pages i79-i89 (December 2011) DOI: 10.1093/bja/aer335 Copyright © 2011 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Whole-blood dantrolene concentration–time profile. Dantrolene (2.4 mg kg−1) was administered to 12 MH-susceptible children. The dantrolene concentration is shown on a logarithmic scale. Therapeutic blood concentrations (≥3 µg ml−1) were maintained for the first 6 h after which the concentration decreased with a half-life of 10 h. Data are means (standard deviations). Reproduced with permission.25 British Journal of Anaesthesia 2011 107, i79-i89DOI: (10.1093/bja/aer335) Copyright © 2011 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Schematic of proteins associated with dystrophin in skeletal muscle cells. The three key elements of the membrane skeleton and signal transduction path are: laminin 2, the extracellular component; dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC) (dystroglycan, sarcoglycan, and cytoplasmic subunits), the transmembrane component; and dystrophin, the intracellular component. The cytoplasmic subunit of the DAPC comprises syntrophin (SY) and dystrobrevin (DYB). Dystrophin is not only the pivotal element that reinforces the muscle cell cytoskeleton, but it also mediates signal transduction across cell membranes through its interactions with syntrophin, dystrobrevin, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Note non-contractile F-actin binds to the N-terminus of dystrophin. Reproduced with permission.32 DyB, dystrobrevin; SP, sarcospan; SY, syntrophin. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2011 107, i79-i89DOI: (10.1093/bja/aer335) Copyright © 2011 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions