Stem. Types of stem StemAerial Erect/upright aerial stem Weak aerial stem Reduced aerial stem Underground Sub-aerial stem.

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Presentation transcript:

Stem

Types of stem StemAerial Erect/upright aerial stem Weak aerial stem Reduced aerial stem Underground Sub-aerial stem

A.Aerial stem (Epiterranean): 1. Erect aerial stem: a. Culm: Node Internode

b. Caudex: Crown of leaves S t e m w i t h s c a r s o f f a l l e n l e a f b a s e s

Caudex of Cycas

c. Pseudostem :

d. Excurrent stem

e. Deliquescent stem:

3. Weak aerial stem: Aerial stem contd….. 2 types A. Twinner A. Climber

weak aerial stem contd…… 2. Climbers: a.Leaf Tendril climbers i. Whole leaf into tendril: Whole leaf as tendril

ii. Leaflet into tendril:

iii. Leaf stipule as tendril (tendrilar stipule) Stipule as tendril Stipule as tendril E.g., Smilax

Examples: Pitcher plants (Nepenthes, Clematis) iv. Leaf petiole as tendril

v. Leaf tip into tendril: E.g., Gloriosa

b. Stem tendril i. Axillary bud into tendril: Climbers contd…. Example: Passiflora (Passion flower) Axillary bud as tendril

iii. Extra axillary bud into tendril: Extra axillary bud as tendril Examples: Cucurbits

iii. Terminal bud as tendril Terminal bud as Tendril

C. Scramblers or ramblers: Examples: Bougainvillea Atrabotrytis

d. Lianas:

Underground stem Types: i.Tuber ii. Rhizome iii. Corm iv. Bulb

i. Tuber

ii. Rhizome

Rootstock

iii. Corm:

Birthday flower (Gladiolus)

Corm of Colchicum autmanle

Disc Fleshy leaves iv. Bulb:

Bulb Fleshy bulb Tunicated bulb Simple T.B Compound T.B

Sub-aerial Modifications of Stem (Prostate weak stem modifications) 1. Trailers or stragglers:

2.Runners: Runner

c. Sucker:

4. Stolons:

5. Offsets: Offset

Aerial (Epiterranean) Modifications of Stems a. Phylloclade: Examples: Muehlenbeckia (Cocoloba) Opuntia Euphorbia royalena.

b. Cladodes: Examples: Asparagus Ruscus

c. Bulbils: Examples: Dioscorea, Agave, Onion

d. Thorns Prickles