G DowdellContemp Studies yr 12 Ethnic Minorities & Sport Wk 18

G DowdellContemp Studies yr 12 BUZZ WORDS Stacking Centrality Gladiator Vs businessman Social mobility Stereotyping Deprivation Role models Race Ethnicity Genetic Nature Vs Nurture Deprivation Disproportionate Predisposed Social mobility

G DowdellContemp Studies yr 12 Definitions Race: based on physical characteristics e.g. skin colour Racism: belief that you are superior because of your racial group e.g. Nazism Ethnicity: cultural beliefs e.g. religion, lifestyle Black: refers to people of African origin Racial discrimination:_______________

G DowdellContemp Studies yr 12 Why are none of the sprinters in this picture white?

G DowdellContemp Studies yr 12 Myths & stereotypes: superior athletes Black athletes make the best sprinters Black athletes make the best marathon runners Black athletes are better at basketball than whites Black athletes are poor swimmers Blacks are natural jumpers

G DowdellContemp Studies yr 12 Nature Vs Nurture Genetics V Socialisation (culture) Eddie the Eel! Thorpeedo!!

G DowdellContemp Studies yr 12 Some UK facts 50% of the UK athletics team is black 1/3 of English football teams are black Over 50% of British boxing champs are black Every major Olympic record in events ranging from the 100m to marathon is currently held by athletes of African origin.

G DowdellContemp Studies yr 12 Is it GENETIC? (Kenyan tribe) For years scientists have assumed that all everyone from the same race was made from the same genetic make-up and therefore predisposed to taking part in certain sport & certain positions in a sport! This is not the case

G DowdellContemp Studies yr 12 Coakley pg 264 American football data

G DowdellContemp Studies yr 12 Why the Unbalance? So why do you think there are a disproportionate amount of black athletes defensive positions in American football? Why are there a disproportionate amount of black athletes involved in sprinting? Black athlete have traditionally come from poorer background and have excelled in sports requiring no expensive equipment. Is this a valid reason.

G DowdellContemp Studies yr 12 Under representation Although black athletes dominate sports such as sprinting and basketball, they are grossly under represented in sports such as Golf Tennis Cycling Swimming

G DowdellContemp Studies yr 12

G DowdellContemp Studies yr 12 So why get into sport To escape social deprivation Discrimination in the work place To get an education Fame & fortune

G DowdellContemp Studies yr 12 Stacking and Centrality (refer to sheet) Stacking: concept whereby black people are guided into certain sports and positions which are associated with strength rather than intelligence. Centrality: Black people are hugely under represented in positions of management, coaching and positions that require intelligence, on and off the field e.g. few black football managers.

G DowdellContemp Studies yr 12 Role Models When black athletes do break into traditionally white sports e.g. golf and tennis they receive huge media coverage and endorsement deals. Tiger Woods Williams sisters They are used as role models to encourage more ethnic minorities into the sport, but does it work in practice?

G DowdellContemp Studies yr 12 Gladiator Vs Businessman This hi-light the disproportionate amount of black managers/ coaches etc in comparison to the number of black athletes. Suggest some reasons for this under representation.

G DowdellContemp Studies yr 12 Gladiator Vs Businessman

G DowdellContemp Studies yr 12 How Discrimination Effects Upward Mobility Presumption that white have superior intellect i.e. these jobs are more suited to whites. Black athletes have not been in the system long enough. White culture holding onto the top jobs Limited to what sport they play Opposition from current top dogs

G DowdellContemp Studies yr 12 Education Given grants to top schools if they are good athletes (but not necessarily intellectual) Sporting talents sometimes take preference over academic studies

G DowdellContemp Studies yr 12 High numbers of Black Footballers High proportion of black people in urban areas/ football areas Less discrimination amongst football talent spotters Campaign to encourage participation Chance to climb the social ladder Inner city football schemes Development facilities in inner city areas

G DowdellContemp Studies yr 12 Racism / Anti Racism Campaigns Treating someone unfairly / unequally because of the colour of their skin. England Vs Spain game 2005 Kick racism out of sport 2005 anti racism campaign (black & white wrist bands)