Brainstorming the Essays: Change Over Time Comparison and Contrast DBQ Writing Series Training #2

3 Types of History Essays Comparison and Contrast (C/C) Change Over Time (COT) Document-Based Question (DBQ)

3 Types of History Essays Comparison and Contrast (C/C) –You gather information on two items or topics –Analyze what is the same and what is different between the two topics Change Over Time (COT) –COT is a type of C/C because you are comparing and contrasting one time and place with another time and place –Analyze what is the same and what is different between the two times Document-Based Question (DBQ) –A DBQ is an essay question that requires you to use documents in your response –Take a position from the essay question, analyze the documents and then choose documents which support your position

Comparison and Contrast (C/C)

Comparison and Contrast Essay Question: How are Thanksgiving and the Fourth of July the same and different? So what do you do first? 1) What are the 2 topics that are being compared and contrasted? 2)Think of everything you can about each topic…

C/C Thanksgiving and July 4 th 1) Thanksgiving brainstorming 2)On a scrap of paper, write one word that you think of when you think of Thanksgiving. 3)Post your word on the wall. Note: If your word is already on the wall, you must write a different word on your piece of paper 4) July 4 th brainstorming – repeat steps 1 – 3

Brainstorming C/C #1 – Write down everything you think of Thanksgiving July 4 th

Brainstorming C/C #1 – Write down everything you think of Turkey Cranberries Pumpkin pie Family Football Pilgrims American Indians Corn Blessing Thursday Christmas shopping Final exams Cold Prayer Harvest cornucopia Travel charity BBQ Hot dogs Swimming Sousa Flags Red, white, blue Fireworks 1812 Overture Bands Picnics Parades Declaration of Independence Countrys birthday Holiday Uncle Sam Statue of Liberty Neighborhood baseball Thanksgiving July 4 th

Categorize the Brainstorming Rearrange the brainstormed words into categories Discuss different ways to categorize the words What connections can you make between ideas? Note: As you categorize, more words and ideas will occur to you. Add them to your lists, circles, and categories!

Possible Ways to Categorize ESP – Economic, Social, Political SPEC – Social, Political, Economic, Cultural PERSIA – Political, Economic, Religious, Social, Intellectual, Artistic GRIPE – Geographic, Religious, Intellectual, Political, Economic

Categorize the Words for Each Holiday EconomicSocialPolitical Thanks- giving Food (corn…) Christmas shopping Harvest Travel Family Football Prayer Travel Holiday Started with Pilgrims giving thanks for harvest Fourth of July Food (BBQ…)Baseball Swimming Neighborhood Fireworks Parades Bands Holiday Dec. of Ind. U.S. birthday Uncle Sam Statue of Liberty Parades

Double Bubble Categorizing Topic #1Topic #2 Similarity #1 Similarity #2 Similarity #3 Difference #1 Difference #2 Difference #3

Double Bubble Categorizing Thanks- giving July 4 th Food Activities are secular, not religious Federal holiday unique to U.S. With family: turkey, corn, pumpkin With neighbors: BBQ, hot dogs, ice cream Football Fireworks Parades Origin: Pilgrims giving thanks for harvest Origin: Birthday of U.S. Social/Economic Political Social

Thesis and Body Paragraphs Body Paragraph #1Who we celebrate with –Thanksgiving = family –July 4 th = neighbors Body Paragraph #2Why we celebrate –Thanksgiving = giving thanks –July 4 th = U.S. birthday Body Paragraph #3What we do to celebrate –Thanksgiving = football and food –July 4 th = parades, music, and fireworks Thesis: Thanksgiving and July 4th, two federal holidays unique to the U.S., are both similar and different in who they are celebrated with, why they are celebrated, and what is done to celebrate them.

Comparison and Contrast Essay question: How are football and basketball similar and different? Brainstorming steps: 1)Draw 2 circles and write down every word you can think of that goes with each topic 2)Categorize the words. You could use social, economic, and political as your categories. 3)Choose your 3 body paragraphs and write your thesis

Brainstorming C/C #1 – Write down everything you think of Football Basketball

Brainstorming C/C #1 – Write down everything you think of fall plays middle/high school, college, pro pads and helmets stadium tailgating goal posts 100 yds. cheerleaders band quarterback pigskin jersey tackle court net middle/high school, college, pro March Madness hoops neighborhood driveway uniform 3 points foul free throw tall players dribble NBA Football Basketball

Categorize the Words for Each Sport Economic – Equipment Social – Behavior Political – U.S. and rules Football Pads and helmets Football Stadium Goal posts Tailgating Super Bowl Cheerleaders Band Violent Tackles Downs Basket- ball Hoop Basketball Shoes Driveway March MadnessJump shots 3 points Dribbling

Double Bubble Categorizing Football Basketball Required equipment Rules Community event – brings people together Football pads helmet weight room Basketball hoop cement Plays tackling Jump shots dribbling Tailgating Super Bowl Stadium March Madness court Economic Social Political

Thesis and Body Paragraphs Body Paragraph #1Equipment and cost –Football = Expensive (lots of equipment and people) –Basketball = Inexpensive (not much equipment) Body Paragraph #2Brings people together –Football = All day event with hundreds of thousands –Basketball = Shorter, more frequent events Body Paragraph #3Players and Rules –Football = Large and aggressive; tackling and plays –Basketball = Tall and agile players; jump shots and dribbling Thesis: Football and basketball both reflect the U.S.s need to be bigger, more powerful, and wealthier than the rest of the world even as they differ in what is needed to play the games, how they bring people together, and how the games are played.

Change Over Time (COT)

A type of Comparison and Contrast (C/C) Compares how something occurred at one time and place in history with how something occurred at another time and place in history

Change Over Time (COT) Essay Question: How have elementary schools in the U.S. changed since the 1950s? Brainstorming steps: 1)What is being compared? 2)Write down everything you can think of for each time and place. 3)Categorize

Brainstorming COT #1 – Write down everything you think of Elementary schools 1950s Elementary schools today memorization reading, writing, arithmetic paddling summers to work in fields segregated no kids with disabilities smaller schools chalkboards women teachers creativity investigation art, sports, music school acts as parent Need post-high school education desegregated Grades K-5 women teachers No Child Left Behind detention

Categorize the Words for Each Time/Place EconomicSocialPolitical Elemen- tary schools in 1950s --Summers off to work in fields in rural areas --8 th gr. Education was enough for many jobs --Memorization of facts --Corporal punishment --Parental support of teachers --Segregated --Locally controlled Elemen- tary schools today --Lower student- teacher ratio --Neighborhoods determine schools socio-economic make up --Creativity and investigation --Schools take on many parental responsibilities --NCLB --IDEA --Locally controlled

Thesis and Body Paragraphs Body Paragraph #1Economic –1950s = chalkboards and paper –Today = projectors, computers, interactive boards Body Paragraph #2Social –1950s = Memorization of facts, paddling, parent support –Today = Creativity, schools take on parental roles Body Paragraph #3Political –1950s = Segregated, failure is students responsibility –Today = Desegregated, IDEA, NCLB, failure is schools responsibility Thesis: Since the 1950s, schools in the U.S. have become more inclusive and more responsible for preparing all students for success in tomorrows world.

Change Over Time (COT) Essay question: How has the internet changed shopping? 1)Brainstorm circles 2)Categorize brainstorming 3)Choose 3 categories and write thesis

Document-Based Question (DBQ)

A DBQ is an essay question that requires you to use documents in your response How to Tackle a DBQ: 1) Read and analyze the question 2) Brainstorm information about the question 3) Analyze the documents 4) Use your brainstorming and the documents in your organization

Essay question: Is Austin a great place to live? #1 – Write down everything you think of Austin is Great! Austin is Terrible!

Document Analysis – ACAPS A – Author C – Context A – Audience P – Purpose S – Significance

Document Analysis – APPARTS APPARTS A – Author P – Place and Time P – Prior Knowledge A – Audience R – Reason T – The Main Idea S – Significance Mini – APPARTS A – Author/Point of View M – Main Idea

For each document, make a sticky note with the following information: Document # 1)Author/Point of View 2)Main idea

Tape Documents on T-Chart Austin is Great!Austin is Terrible! Document #1 ACL attendee People having fun at ACL music Document #9 Student News reporter Highland Mall closes for Texas Relays. Decision could be racist.

Thesis and Body Paragraphs Thesis: Austin has many benefits which keep its residents happy and fulfilled. Body Paragraph #1 – Entertainment –Documents 1, 8 Body Paragraph #2 – Cost of Living –Documents 6 Body Paragraph #3 – Community Spirit –Documents 4, 7

Websites with DBQs dbq.cfm can_History.html