© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited Activity 2: Life Begins Cycles – Reproduction

Recap : Why reproduce? Living things reproduce to ensure that their own kind will continue to exist. Otherwise, they become extinct.

All living things reproduce (they have young/offspring) Some animals give birth to live young Some animals lay eggs Why is reproduction necessary? –To ensure the continuity of their own kind Recap : Why reproduce?

Describe the main elements in sexual reproduction Understand the male and female reproductive systems in humans Describe the fertilisation and development of a human baby Objectives:

Human Reproduction Which parts of the human body are involved in the sexual reproduction of human? How does the egg get fertilised ? What happens inside the female body during reproduction?

What is Sexual Reproduction? –Reproduction which involves a male and a female Sexual Reproduction takes place in –plants –animals –humans Sexual Reproduction

Our bodies undergo changes as we grow. Certain organs develop so that we can reproduce. Let’s look at which the various organs that will produce the sperm and egg needed in sexual reproduction. Sexual Reproduction in Humans

Male Reproductive System –the testes (singular : testis) produced millions of cells –they are called sperms arent/general/body_ba sics/female_reproducti ve_system.html Sexual Reproduction in Humans

Female Reproductive System –the ovaries produce eggs –Usually, only one egg is released from the ovary each month Sexual Reproduction in Humans

Fertilisation Fertilisation occurs when the sperm fuses with the egg cell. Sexual Reproduction in Humans

Vagina

PartsFunctions PlacentaConnects to foetus by umbilical cord Umbilical cordA tube that connects the developing baby to the mother Carries oxygen and food from mother to baby Carries wastes from baby to mother to be removed

Relating to Parents and their young As the two reproductive cells contains information about the characteristics of the father and the mother, some characteristics of the parents are passed to their young when they fused and developed into baby. In this way, the characteristics of plants and animals are preserved in future generations, ensuring that their kind continues to exist. Sexual Reproduction in Humans

Female animals produce eggs while male animals produce sperms. Eggs are produced in the ovaries Sperms are produced in the testes The fusion of the egg and the sperm is called fertilisation.