Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Review

Photosynthesis Plants, algae, some bacteria Chloroplast (in eukaryotes); cell membrane (in prokaryotes) 6CO2 (carbon dioxide)+ 6H2O (water) + Light Energy -> C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2 (oxygen) Main purpose is to make glucose to use for food Light energy is captured by light-absorbing pigments called chlorophyll Light-Dependent Reactions Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle) Show image of chloroplast What is the purpose of chlorophyll What does the plant use the glucose that is produced for?

Factors Affecting Photosynthesis Temperature Light Intensity High light intensity increases photosynthesis rate Greater output of glucose and O2 (oxygen) Low light intensity decreases photosynthesis rate Lower output of glucose and O2 Water Availability

Cellular Respiration All organisms Mitochondria (aerobic); cytoplasm (anaerobic) C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2 (oxygen) -> 6H2O (water) + 6CO2 (carbon dioxide)+ ATP (energy) Main purpose is to break down glucose to make ATP to use for energy Glycolysis (both aerobic and anaerobic) Converts glucose to 2 pyruvate molecules Krebs Cycle (aerobic only) Main purpose: makes 2 ATP, also makes NADH and FADH2 (electron carriers) for use in the ETC Electron Transport Chain (aerobic only) Make 32-34 ATP

Aerobic vs Anaerobic Respiration In the presence of oxygen -> aerobic respiration Produces 36 ATP per glucose Without oxygen-> anaerobic respiration No ATP production Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Yeasts Produces alcohol Lactic Acid Fermentation Produces lactic acid

Photosynthesis vs Cellular Respiration Opposite processes The products of one reaction is used as the reactants of the other Photosynthesis: Carbon dioxide + Water -> Glucose + Oxygen Cellular Respiration: Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water Energy is captured by chloroplasts in photosynthesis and released at the mitochondria in cellular respiration Figure 9.3