Hinduism and Buddhism PURPOSE OF SECTION: Explain the development and impact of Hinduism and Buddhism on India and subsequent diffusion of Buddhism.

Take notes Hinduism and Buddhism https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PnN1bgqnUDc

\ Hinduism National religion of India Based on variety of beliefs and practices Is henotheistic: recognize existence of many gods but believe in only one supreme god

Hinduism God: Brahman – all of the universe is one entity Three most important facets/aspects of Brahman: Brahma – Creator Continues to create new creations Vishnu – Preserver Preserves new creation, sometimes by traveling to earth if necessary Siva – Destroyer Can be compassionate or destructive

Hinduism Belief in reincarnation (or transmigration of the soul) The soul is reborn into another body after death Karma determines where you are born Karma- the accumulation of good or bad deeds Therefore your actions determine your station in life

Hinduism (Reincarnation, cont.) One can be born into a higher caste or lower caste Eventually, one can escape the cycle and reach enlightenment Called moksha Prayer, rituals, self-denial and rejection of worldly possessions can help achieve this

Color: Saffron (Represents fire from Brahman) Hindu Symbols \ Aum (or Om) Represents Brahman, everything that is absolute in the universe Swastika Represents everything that is good in the world Means “it is well” or “may good prevail” Color: Saffron (Represents fire from Brahman)

Hinduism Belief in dharma Dharma: duties you are expected to perform, the ethical way in which you are supposed to behave Belief in ahimsa: nonviolence towards all living things

Buddhism Founded by Siddhartha Gautama Called Buddha Means “Enlightened One” Legend: Born into luxury, became shocked when he drove around in his chariot and saw poverty and sickness Left wife and newborn son to wander around India at age 29 Lived as hermit for 7 years until finally finding enlightenment

Buddhism Related to Hinduism Shares belief of: Karma (accumulation of good or bad deeds) Dharma (but in this case is the teachings of Buddha telling you how to act/live) Reincarnation (rebirth) Differs: Rejection of caste system

Buddhism Teachings: Four Noble Truths: The truth of suffering (dukkha) All people suffer and know sadness and sorrow The truth of the cause of suffering (samudaya) People suffer because of their material desires The truth of the end of suffering (nirhodha) Suffering could end by elimination desires The truth of the path that frees us from suffering (magga) By following the Eightfold Path one could eliminate desires

Buddhism Eightfold Path Know truth Resist evil Say nothing to hurt others Respect life Work for the good of others Free your mind from evil Control your thoughts Practice meditation

Buddhism Purpose: To reach nirvana (enlightenment) More philosophy than religion, but can be considered both or either The Middle Way is important Away from extremes Moderation

Eight Auspicious Symbols of Buddhism Right-coiled White Conch Dharma Wheel Precious Umbrella Auspicious Drawing Victory Banner Lotus Flower Golden Fish Vase of Treasure

Color Symbolism in Buddhism Blue = coolness, infinity Black = hate, primordial darkness White = knowledge, purity Red = sacred blood, life Green = balance, harmony Yellow = earth, renunciation

Diffusion of Buddhism The first “great missionary faith” Spread into Afghanistan by A.D. 1 Spread into China during mid 1st century A.D. Reached Japan and Korea by A.D. 500

Diffusion of Buddhism Ashoka was the first ruler to send out Buddhist missions to convert other nations, helping the religion spread

Diffusion of Buddhism

Diffusion of Buddhism In some places, Buddhism merged with local traditions Examples: Zen Buddhism in Japan Pure Land and Chan Buddhism in China Buddhism in Vietnam

Buddhism Throughout Asia Japan

Buddhism Throughout Asia China

Buddhism Throughout Asia Vietnam

Buddhism Throughout Asia Thailand Afghanistan