Cellular Respiration Textbook chapter 9

Goals Explain what cellular respiration is Identify what is required and created for glycolysis and the krebs cycle Name the two main types of fermentation Identify three pathways the body uses to release energy Compare photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Remember! Autotrophs are organisms that can make their own source of food. Heterotrophs are organisms that Cannot make their own food. Which organisms would perform photosynthesis?

Cellular respiration The process by which carbohydrates (glucose) are broken down to produce atp for a cell Cell Respiration is converting Chemical Energy into Usable energy! Autotrophs produce the glucose required for cellular respiration Heterotrophs consume the glucose required for cellular respiration

mitochondria Myth: Plant cells have chloroplasts and animal cells have mitochondria. Fact: both plant and animal cells have mitochondria. The mitochondria is where cellular respiration takes place. Transforms food molecules into atp energy the cell can use for life functions

Mitochondria If all cells have mitochondria, why don’t all cells have chloroplast?

ATP Atp = Adenosine triphosphate ATP is the main energy molecule used by all living cells Cells can’t use stored energy in glucose directly—it must be converted into atp (usable energy) first! ATP functions like a battery that can store and transport energy from one part of the cell to another

Cell Respiration Equation Glucose + O2  CO2 + H2O + ATP Sugar + Oxygen  Carbon + Water + energy Dioxide

The parts of cellular respiration Required Glucose Oxygen Produced Carbon Dioxide Water ATP (ENERGY)

Stages of Cellular Respiration There are 3 parts to Cellular Respiration: Glycolysis Produces ATP Krebs Cycle Produces CO2 and ATP Electron Transport Produces a lot of atp

Glycolysis Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of the cell Glycolysis Uses Glucose to produce Pyruvic Acid (or Pyruvate) secondary products of Glycolysis are ATP (4) and NADPH

Glycolysis

The Krebs Cycle The Krebs Cycle is also called the citric acid cycle Happens in the matrix (the space inside the inner membrane of the mitochondria Uses pyruvic acid to produce a lot of atp A Secondary product is Nadph

The Krebs Cycle

Electron transport The final stage of cellular respiration Happens in the inner membrane of the mitochondria Similar to the electron Transport in Photosynthesis

Think about the Respiration Equation… What things are needed for respiration? Glucose Oxygen Because respiration uses oxygen, it is said to be Aerobic Respiration

Fermentation When oxygen is not present, glycolysis is followed by a different path (not the Krebs Cycle) This is called fermentation Because fermentation does not use oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration

Alcoholic Fermentation Yeasts and other microorganisms Pyruvic acid + NADH  alcohol + Co2 + NAD+ Causes bread dough to rise and drinking alcohol

Lactic acid fermentation In many cells, the pyruvic acid from glycolysis accumulates and can be turned into lactic acid Pyruvic Acid + NADH  Lactic Acid + NAD+ Produced in the muscles during rapid exercise when the body cannot supply oxygen to the cells Unicellular organisms produce lactic acid as a waste product during fermentation

Glucose Glycolysis Pyruvic Acid Aerobic Respiration Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation ATP Lactic Acid Alcohol