British North America 1763 to 1850 Unit 2

Lesson 1 Canada (British North America) from 1763 to 1775

Where did we Leave Off?

Some Terminology Canada means the same thing as Quebec Canadien means Canadian 13 Colonies mean America First Nations can apply to NUMEROUS tribes across the land

North America Prior to 1763

Result of 7 Years War The British took control of New France (Canada) Along with Other territories: Nova Scotia PEI Newfoundland The French government is GONE from North America Most of North America was under British control. ALL of Canada and America

1763

Who is Left? British Citizens in 13 Colonies (Americans) French Citizens in British Controlled Quebec (Canada) Spanish (not important to Canada) Native Americans in the Frontier (Ohio)

British Control: Quebec Rupert’s Land NFLD Nova Scotia 13 Colonies

The BIG Questions 1. Where and why did colonists settle in British North America after the fall of New France? 2. How did key people and events shape the new British colonies?

Quebec and Its people After New France fell to British control in the 1760s, many of the French pioneers who were in the area were afraid of what would become of their culture and ways of life. The Quebec Act (1774) protected many of their ways, so it was possible for a French colony to survive in the area that was renamed as Quebec. However, something happened first!

There were many different groups within Quebec, and each group wanted something different from the British government. 1763 Group Population What they wanted Canadiens 70 000 To keep their French and Roman Catholic lifestyle To continue having coureurs des bois to push fur trade into the interior English merchants and farmers 300-500 To take over the entire fur trade change way of life in Quebec from French to English settle in the interior by getting free land there set up farms there First Nations 59 000 Keep traditional way of life and involvement in fur trade Prevent more settlers moving into interior 13 American colonies 2 500 000 Expand into Quebec and the Ohio Valley Expand control of the fur trade

Some British Citizens from The 13 Colonies Moved into Canada However, it was Still majority French Didn’t like the British

The ‘Carrot’ or the ‘Stick’? The British government could have dealt with these groups in two different ways. READ: pgs H 72-73 in textbook Record notes about : “Stick Supporters” “Carrot Supporters” Use Pgs H 72- 73 to support this slide - have students read these pages and jot down key names and notes - answer What do YOU think questions on pg H73.

Carrot or the Stick

How the British dealt with the Groups The British chose to use the ‘Carrot’, instead of the ‘Stick’. In 1763, King George III of Britain declared a Royal Proclamation. It related to all of Britain’s colonies in North America.

Royal Proclamation affected Quebec because: Britain now controlled all France’s territories in regions including New France and Acadia English civil law would replace French law. The seigneurial system was abolished. The rest of New France would be First Nations territory and all Canadiens living in First Nations territory had to leave Anyone involved in the fur trade in the First Nations territory had to have a licence from the crown Catholics NOT allowed to hold public office (French)

The Royal Proclamation worked to coax the French at times and push at others. Some Resistance and Hate towards British BUT!!!!!! Do you think this was the best way to make everyone happy? Why might it be changed?

The Thirteen Colonies The British had 13 colonies that stretched south along the eastern coast, that were filled with many different people with many different ideas. Each of the colonies were quite different from one another because of the resources they had and the type of people that founded them.

MAP 13 colonies: Maine New Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New York Pennsylvania New Jersey Virginia Delaware Maryland North Carolina South Carolina Georgia MAP

The northern colonies had large forests and winters were severe The middle colonies had rich agricultural lands for grains and vegetables The southern colonies were hot and rich crops, like cotton and rice, grew well there. There were differences in religion too, from Protestants, Roman Catholics and Pilgrims MAJORITY Protestant (Anglican: Church of England)

Although the colonies had all these differences, there was a growing sense that they were becoming strong and independent from Britain as a United Force. During the Seven Years’ War, the British began to increase taxes in the colonies This leads to protests, like the Boston Tea Party

The Ohio Valley This area was key to North American expansion for the 13 colonies, the Canadiens and the First Nations The Royal Proclamation cut this area off from the Canadiens and Americans

The Allegheny Mountains The British Government said that NO ONE was allowed to move past the mountains Hired 10,000 soldiers to make sure that no one came through These soldiers were to stop Americans They were paid for by taxes TAKEN FROM Americans Americans in 13 Colonies were NOT HAPPY They wanted to Expand DESPERATELY

The Allegheny Mountains

The Quebec Act 1774 Britain needed a better way to control the peoples of Quebec (Canada) Based on the Experiences and suggestions of: Governor James Murray Governor Guy Carlton Both Governors of Quebec The British parliament decided to implement the “Quebec Act”

The Quebec Act 1774 (Carrot Method) Replaced the “The Royal Proclamation” of 1763 Gave French Canadians complete religious freedom (Practise Catholic) Restored French Civil Law to Quebec Restored French landholding system called “Seigneurial System” Catholics allowed to hold government jobs Restored interior lands that America was claiming back into Ohio River Valley

Before the Quebec Act

After the Quebec Act 1774

The Quebec Act (1774) This replaced the Royal Proclamation, and set out to establish French rights It was good for the Canadiens, but upset many of the other groups INSERT CHART

Who got the Bum end of the Deal?

Who got the Bum end of the Deal? Americans in the 13 Colonies Quebec Act Extended boundaries of Quebec to Ohio River on the South and Mississippi River on the West Colonies such as Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Virginia were claiming these areas Americans saw it as an insult to their Protestant and Constitutional Liberties Britain was being “generous” to Quebec, and “stealing” from American Colonies

Quebec Act 1774 Reviewed Was seen as one of the “Intolerable Acts” by the American 13 Colonies Led to the American Revolution Against the British For Quebec (Canadians) the establishment of familiar customs and traditions made them less resentful of the British Overall: Favored Canada, Insulted Americans

We end at the Beginning of the American Revolution! 1775 This was AMERICAN, but affected Canada in more ways than you could imagine We will discuss this later on in History Class!