Philosophical & Historical Origins of the Constitution & Government Unit 1 Philosophical & Historical Origins of the Constitution & Government

What are some democratic ideals/ American Rights? Equality Elections & Voting No cruel & unusual punishment Court system & laws Free Speech, Religion, & Press Life, Liberty, & Pursuit of happiness Trial by Jury Limited government Private Property Rights to bare arms Separations of Powers

Philosophers & their Ideas that shaped US democratic ideas Jean-Jacques Rousseau created idea of social contracts & the legalization of Revolutions. John Locke set-up the idea of natural rights, & the people give the government the power to protect those rights.

Philosophers & their Ideas that shaped US democratic ideas Francois-Marie Arouet Voltaire presented the notion of free speech & press Baron de Montesquieu formed the belief of separation of powers

Documents that have helped limit government Magna Carta helped begin the formation of the idea of equality The English Bill of Rights helped form the ideas of: jury trials, elections, a government legislature & no cruel & unusual punishment

Founding documents that have helped US form the Constitution Thomas Paine’s Pamphlet “Common Sense”, which explained the reasoning behind the American Revolution and help form ideas of a future government

Documents that have helped limit government Mayflower Compact helped form the idea of a direct democracy & majority rules Common Law has helped setup standards for laws & punishments, because of its basis of precedent

Founding documents that have helped US form the Constitution Articles of Confederation assisted in setting-up a governmental legislature with powers & limitations The Declaration of Independence helped define what a government should protect & serve, that a government is based on the people’s consent, that the people have the right to overthrow the government, & list the abuses of governments.

Events that have helped form Government, Constitution and American Revolution Great Awakening helped spark democratic ideas of free press and religion.

How the American Revolution helped form the Constitution The Continental Congress meets to demand rights and later signs for independence “no taxation without representation”

How the American Revolution helped form the Constitution? Taxes/ Acts Stamp Act Declaratory Act Townsend Act Tea Act Which brought about the Boston Tea Party Intolerable Acts

Philosophers & their Ideas that shaped US democratic ideas Thomas Jefferson designed the concept of Unalienable rights, justification for the replacement government, Separation of powers, & checks & balance system

Plans/ Compromises that lead to the creation of the Constitution New Jersey Plan A. 3 branches of government B. 1 house congress C. equal representation & equal votes. Virginia Plan A. 3 branches B. 2 house congress. C. Representatives in congress is based on state’s population

Plans/ Compromises that lead to the creation of the Constitution Connecticut Compromise/ Great Compromise A. 3 branch government B. 2 house Congress C. Senate equal representation for each state & the House of Representatives is based on population

Plans/ Compromises that lead to the creation of the Constitution Three-Fifths Compromise states slaves count as three-fifths of a person Commerce Compromise States Congress regulate trade between states Slave Trade Compromise stated that Congress cannot tax exports, nor interfere with the slave trade

Plans/ Compromises that lead to the creation of the Constitution Election Compromise will form the Electoral College & the electors will be chosen by the voters.

Constitution Set-Up Preamble Article I Article II Article III States the goals of the people Article I Describes the set-up, powers, & limitations of the legislative branch Article II Describes the set-up, powers, & limitations of the executive branch Article III Describes the set-up, powers, & limitations of the judicial branch

Constitution Set-Up Articles IV Articles V Article VI Article VII All states must respect each others laws, court decisions, & records. Creates new states, & protects & defends current states Articles V Specifies how amendments are created Article VI Constitution “Supreme Law of Land” Article VII States Constitution will go into effect after 9 states ratify it.

Basic Principles of the Constitution Consent of the Governed Popular Sovereignty backs up the Republic Rule of Law

Basic Principles of the Constitution Checks & Balances will limit the abuse of powers by Vetoes, Block appointments & treaties, control spending, Impeachments, Override, & nullify laws Separations of Power will form 3 branches of Government (legislative, executive , & judicial) to protect the people & their rights

Basic Principles of the Constitution Federalism will be assisted through 3 types of powers: 1. Enumerated Powers which Controls immigration, maintains army, & establishes postal system 2. Reserved Powers that Regulate trade, schools, marriage, & divorce. 3. Concurrent Powers that Handles Taxes, borrows money, set-up courts & prisons

Basic Principles of the Constitution Due Process will guarantee our natural rights & make sure laws are reasonable Limited Government Judicial Review