Work-Related Attitudes: Components and Definition CHAPTER 11 Work-Related Attitudes: Components and Definition

Components of attitudes Affect Cognition Behavior

Job satisfaction External causes of job satisfaction Work that is interesting and challenging but not too tiring Fair reward systems that provide a sense of control Good relations with coworkers Pleasant, positive work environment Low physical and psychological stress

Job satisfaction Internal causes of job satisfaction High self-esteem Ability to withstand stress Internal locus of control Self-selection to the job or career Realistic positive expectations High status or seniority Positive and realistic expectations Good personal adjustment away from work Genetic determinants (“good personality”)

Job satisfaction diversity Occupational differences: managers versus rank-and-file, white collar versus blue collar Stage of career differences: older versus younger workers, mid-career plateau Cultural differences: career success versus quality of life, social needs versus ego needs Gender differences: status, prestige, income versus social relations and opportunities to help others; men are overrepresented in occupations that maintain the existing social structure, whereas women are overrepresented in occupations that help the oppressed

Social dominance orientation as a function of social role (Sidanius & Pratto, 1999)

Hertzberg’s motivation-maintenance model

Job satisfaction diversity Motivation maintenance theory (hygiene or maintenance factors versus motivators) Social exchange theory: why people often stay in jobs they dislike and leave jobs they like Comparison level (CL) Comparison level for alternatives (CLalt)

Effects of job satisfaction Job satisfaction, absenteeism, and turnover (many other causes apply as well) Job satisfaction and life satisfaction Job satisfaction and personal health Longevity Mental well-being (reduced anxiety, high self-esteem, good social adjustment)

Organizational commitment Producing organizational commitment Factors associated with increased organizational commitment Job characteristics: high levels of responsibility, opportunities for promotion, job autonomy, importance of the work Personal characteristics: length of employment, age, personal growth needs Company policies: employee ownership, clear organizational values, vigorous recruitment, newcomer orientation procedures