C-Notes: Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, and Viruses Stnd: B.I. 1 C 10/30/2013 C-Notes: Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, and Viruses Objective: SWBAT differentiate the complexity and general structures of prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells, and viruses.

What is the “Cell Theory”? The idea that all living things are made up of cells. 3 parts of the Cell theory are: All organisms are made up of one or more cells The cell is the basic (smallest) unit of life All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Viruses What is the exceptions to the “Cell Theory”? Disease-causing, nonliving particles are not made up of cells and do NOT contain genetic material (DNA). Viruses reproduce inside another cell, called the host cell. Ex: HIV, Influenza, Common Cold, Polioviruses, Rabies viruses

What are Cells? The smallest working units that is capable of performing all of life’s function

Where do Cells come from? All cells come from pre-existing cells through cell division (mitosis or meiosis).

Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell

Would you like to see some examples? Even if you don’t, too bad.

Remember… These are magnified images taken with microscopes Some cells have been stained with color so you can see them better.

Nerve Cell

Bacteria Cell

Tree cells from the stomach of a possum.

Brain Cell

Cornstalk Cells

Mammalian Tissue

Who is Robert Hooke? The first person to see cells using a thin slice of cork found in the bark of a cork tree with his microscope. He named them cells because they resembled tiny rooms

What are the two types of Cells? Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells

Found in Unicellular Organism (Single-Celled Organism) What are Prokaryotic Cells? (Before the Nucleus) Found in Unicellular Organism (Single-Celled Organism) Do NOT have a nucleus to hold its circular DNA molecule (nucleoid), so the DNA remains to float freely in the cytoplasm. Ex: Bacteria and Blue-Green Algae (Cyanobacteria) Certain drugs have become popular among teens and young adults at dance clubs and raves.

Prokaryote cells are simply built (example: E. coli) capsule: slimy outer coating cell wall: tougher middle layer cell membrane: delicate inner skin

Prokaryote cells are simply built (example: E. coli) cytoplasm: inner liquid filling DNA in one big loop pilli: for sticking to things flagella: for swimming ribosomes: for building proteins

Prokaryote lifestyle unicellular: all alone colony: forms a film filamentous: forms a chain of cells

Prokaryote Feeding Photosynthetic: energy from sunlight Disease-causing: feed on living things Decomposers: feed on dead things

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Found in Multi-Cellular Organism called Eukaryotes What are Eukaryotic Cells? (After the Nucleus) Found in Multi-Cellular Organism called Eukaryotes contains many organelles surrounded by membranes Store their DNA in the Nucleus Ex: plants and animals Certain drugs have become popular among teens and young adults at dance clubs and raves.

Eukaryotes are bigger and more complicated Have organelles Have chromosomes can be multicellular include animal and plant cells

Organelles are membrane-bound cell parts Mini “organs” that have unique structures and functions Located in cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms Plant Animal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

“Typical” Animal Cell

“Typical” Plant Cell

Prokaryotic Cells found in Prokaryotes (ex: Bacteria) Eukaryotic Cells found in Eukaryotes (Ex: plants and Animals) What are the complexity and structural components of Prokaryotic Cells and Eukaryotic Cells? Unicellular (Single-Celled Organism) Cell Wall that surrounds the Cell (Plasma) Membrane Has DNA, RNA, and Ribosomes that float freely in the cell. No NUCLEUS  has a Cellular DNA ( Nucleus-Like, irregularly shapped) Flagellum (Tail, for movement) Reproduces Asexually, binary fission (divide in half) , Conjugations ( connects and exchange DNA) Multi-Cellular Organism (10x larger in size) Cell Membrane Cell Wall (only in plants) Ribosomes Contains a Nucleus (has DNA inside) Contains many Membrane-Bounded Organelles (Tiny structural Bodies ; ex: chloroplast; mitochondria) for certain jobs Growth and Replication by Mitosis and Meiosis.

What are the 3 structures that are both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cell have? Cell Membrane Cytoplasm (jelly-like fluid “soupy” area) DNA (found in the Nucleus in Plants and Animal Cells)

Advantages of each kind of cell architecture Prokaryotes Eukaryotes simple and easy to grow can specialize fast reproduction multicellularity all the same can build large bodies