Vitamins & Minerals Chapter 10: Lesson 2

Vitamins, Minerals, Water Do Not Provide ENERGY, but perform a wide variety of body functions. They do not have calories VITAMINS- compounds found in food that help regulate many body functions MINERALS- elements found in food that are used by the body Deficiency- General Lack of something.

Water Soluble- Dissolve in water and pass easily into the bloodstream during digestion. The body doesn’t store these vitamins; any unused amounts are removed by the kidneys ( urination) Fat Soluble- Stored in FAT for later use.

Vitamin A- Fat Soluble Benefits- Keeps eyes and skin healthy Needed for growth and strong bones Deficiency- Growth retardation, night blindness, dryness of the eye, DEATH

Vitamin B1- Water-soluble Produces energy from carbs and helps the nervous system. Deficiency- Poor memory and confusion, BeriBeri- lethargic and fatigue

Vitamin B2- Water Soluble Prevents and treats migraine headaches, cataracts, arthritis. Also helps to maintain a proper metabolism. Deficiency- Skin cracking in corners of mouth, bloodshot eyes, sensitivity to light and lesions of the skin. Food- Milk, meat, whole grains, pasta

Vitamin B6- Water Soluble Protein metabolism Deficiency- nerve damage, convulsions, and anemia-condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Foods- Bananas, peas, whole grains, fish

Folate- Water-Soluble FOLIC ACID ( B Vitamin) - Needed for forming cells and helps prevent birth defects. Deficiency- Diarrhea, weight loss, anemia, birth defects of the spinal cord. Foods- Liver, orange juice, green vegetables. Recommendation: 400 to 800 mcg or micrograms of folic acid every day

When a woman has enough folic acid in her body before and during pregnancy, it can prevent major birth defects, including: Spina bifida- when an unborn baby’s spinal column does not close to protect the spinal cord. As a result, the nerves that control leg movements and other functions do not work. Anencephaly -when most or all of the brain does not develop. Babies with this problem die before or shortly after birth.

Vitamin C: Water-Soluble Promotes healthy gums and teeth. Helps the healing of wounds and acts as an antioxidant. Deficiency- Scurvy- gum bleeding.

Vitamin D- Fat-Soluble Absorption of Calcium and phosphorus in the intestine. Needed for strong bones and teeth. Deficiency- Rickets- Skeletal deformities in children. Bone loss in adults.

Protects cell membranes. Deficiency- Anemia, loss of reflexes Vitamin E- FatSoluble Protects cell membranes. Deficiency- Anemia, loss of reflexes Food- Vegetable oils, nuts, dark green

Deficiency- Alzheimer’s disease and hemorrhages. Vitamin K-FatSoluble Aids in Blood Clotting Deficiency- Alzheimer’s disease and hemorrhages. Foods- Spinach and Broccoli.

Minerals Calcium- Forms bones and teeth, aids blood clotting. Reduces the risk of osteoporosis. Phosphorus- Maintains healthy bones. Magnesium- Maintains muscle and nerve functions, along with a regular heartbeat. Aids in Bone growth. Iron- aids in energy use. Helps with red blood cells.

Ch. 10 Lesson Assessments Lesson 1-Page 257: 1, 3, 4, 5,6 Know what you are referring to. Chapter Assessment: Answers Only Questions 1-35