Chapter 8 Opposition to Slavery 1800-1833

I. A Country in Turmoil Late 1820s was a time of great change Fears Transportation and market revolution Industrialization and immigration Banking and money influence public policy Fears People felt threatened Paranoia

Abolitionism Begins in America Pre-revolutionary Southern slaves sought to free themselves Received help from free blacks and a few whites Did not seek to destroy slave labor system

Abolitionism Begins in America (cont.) Post-revolutionary Black and white abolitionists from the North Quakers Organized first antislavery society, 1775 Attracted non-Quakers Gradual emancipation Not equal rights Little emphasis on southern slavery

From Gabriel to Denmark Vesey Gabriel’s Conspiracy, 1800 Consequences antislavery societies declined Fears of race war

From Gabriel to Denmark Vesey (cont.) Denmark Vesey 1822: Consequences Charleston Improved slave patrols Outlawed slave assemblages Banned teaching slaves to read Black seaman jailed until ships ready to leave port Increasingly suspicious of Free African-Americans White Yankee visitors

III. The American Colonization Society ACS, 1816 Proposed gradual emancipation With compensation Sending ex-slaves and freed people to Liberia Support of southern slaveholders Northern supporters preferred giving a choice

Black Nationalism White prejudice denied blacks full citizenship Liberia Prince Hall Paul Cuffe Henry Highland Garnet

Opposition to Colonization Americans not Africans Preferred to improve conditions in America Worried that “voluntary” colonization would be forced Most southern states required the expulsion of slaves individually freed by masters Efforts to expel all free black people or return them to slavery Arkansas, 1858 ACS considered a proslavery scheme to force free black people to choose between reenslavement or banishment.

V. The Baltimore Alliance William Lloyd Garrison The Liberator

VI. David Walker’s Appeal Appeal . . . to the Colored Citizens of the World, 1829 Aggressively attacked slavery and white racism Advocated violence Frightened white southerners Pamphlet was regarded as dangerous in the Old South

VII. Nat Turner Nat Turner Learned to read as a child Studied the Bible Saw visions Believed God intended him to lead people to freedom Revolt, August 1831

Nat Turner (cont.) Turner’s Revolt Shaped a new era in American abolition Whites everywhere blamed abolitionists Northern abolitionists asserted hope for peaceful struggle Accorded heroic stature by northern abolitionists

VIII. Conclusion The Second Great Awakening and Reform Movement Shaped slavery Gabriel, Vesey, and Turner Employed violence Northern abolitionists Employed newspapers, books, petitions, and speeches Slaves’ resistance Influenced northern abolitionists