I. The New England Colonies A. The Puritans Leave England for Massachusetts 1. The migration to MA Bay during the 1630s was led by a religious group known as the Puritans. a) Puritans = very plain churches and services. 2. The Puritans were a powerful group in England. 3. King Charles I disapproved of the Puritans and their ideas. a) Canceled business charters and had some jailed. 4. By 1629, some Puritans were convinced that England had fallen on “evil & declining times”.

I. The New England Colonies a) Formed the MA Bay Co. b) Build a colony based on biblical laws and teachings. c) John Winthrop was a leader. d) Some were wealthy Englishman that were passed over by inheritances. 5. In 1629, the Puritans sent a small advance party to North America. a) Winthrop was first governor. b) Set example to others by working hard to clear land, build a home, and plant crops.

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I. The New England Colonies 6. Under Winthrop, and other Puritans, the MA Bay Colony prospered. a) Between 1629 and 1640, some 15,000 people journeyed from England to MA. b) “Great Migration” c) Boston became the colony’s largest town. B. Problems in MA Bay 1. In May 1636, Thomas Hooker led about 100 settlers out of MA Bay. a) When they reached the CT River, they built a town named Hartford.

I. The New England Colonies 2. Hooker left MA Bay because he believed the governor had too much power. a) CT was set up with strict limits on government. b) All property owners had the right to vote, including non church members. c) Expanded representative government. d) CT became a separate colony in 1662. 3. Another leader who challenged the leaders of MA Bay was Roger Williams. a) Williams believed that the Puritan church in MA had too much power. b) Church and state should be separate.

I. The New England Colonies 4. Williams believed in religious tolerance, which was a willingness to let others practice their own beliefs. a) In MA, non-Puritans were not allowed to worship freely. b) In 1635, the General Court ordered him to leave MA. c) He would set up the separate colony of Rhode Island. d) In RI, tolerance was practiced. 5. Among those who fled to RI was Anne Hutchinson.

I. The New England Colonies a) Hutchinson questioned the local ministers. 6. Puritan leaders grew angry with Hutchinson. a) Women did not question the church. b) She was ordered before the MA General Court. c) Hutchinson left MA for RI. C. Puritans at War with Native Americans 1. From MA, settlers fanned out across New England. a) In 1680, NH was made into a colony. 2. Some leaders such as William Penn and Roger Williams tried to treat Native Americans fairly.

I. The New England Colonies 3. As more colonists settled New England, they began to take over more Native American lands. a) Fighting broke out. 4. The largest conflict broke out in 1675. a) Metacom (King Philip) was chief of the Wampanoag Indians. b) Metacom was eventually defeated. c) War with various Native American groups continued. D. Life in New England Towns and Villages 1. Puritans believed that people should worship and tend to local matters as a community.

I. The New England Colonies a) commons or town squares where animals grazed. 2. Sabbath, or day of rest, was taken very seriously. a) No playing, visiting taverns, etc. b) Women on one side, the men on the other. 3. At town meetings, settlers discussed and voted on many issues. a) Roads, schoolmaster pay, etc. 4. Puritan laws were strict. 5. New England was a difficult land for the colonists. a) Rocky soil was poor for farming.

I. The New England Colonies 6. Forests were full of riches. a) turkey, deer, trees for shipbuilding. b) Settlers also fished for cod and halibut and in the 1600s the colonists began whaling. 7. During the 1700s the Puritan traditions declined. a) The church had less influence on the government.