Forms of Energy

States of Energy What is Energy? Energy is the ability to cause a change or do work There are 2 states and 6 forms of energy

FORMS OF ENERGY States of Energy (Divide pg. 13 in half-as shown below and copy EVERYTHING on pages 4 and 5 onto page 13. If you run out of room, make a flip page (again, divide it in half) Potential Energy Kinetic Energy

Potential Energy PE = m∙g∙h FORMS OF ENERGY Potential Energy PE is stored energy due to its position or arrangement 3 Types of Potential Energy P.E. due to its position is known as gravitational potential energy gpe depends on height and mass of object Calculate gpe using formula: Chemical P.E. is energy stored in atoms of elements and compounds 3. The elastic potential energy an object has results from how much it is stretched or compressed. Examples: A cat in a tree. (gpe) Food (chemical PE) A stretched bow (elastic PE) PE = m∙g∙h

Kinetic Energy Examples: KE = ½ mv2 Is the energy of motion FORMS OF ENERGY Is the energy of motion KE depends on speed and mass of the object Calculate KE using formula: Examples: A cat falling out of a tree Heat given off when wood is burned (the molecules are moving fast) Food digesting (the molecules in the food and the stomach acid are changing into different chemicals providing the energy our muscles need to move) KE = ½ mv2

Copy the 6 boxes into notes using entire page MR. C. NET MECHANICAL RADIANT CHEMICAL NUCLEAR ELECTRICAL THERMAL Copy the 6 boxes into notes using entire page

MECHANICAL ENERGY FORMS OF ENERGY Mechanical Energy is the energy produced by moving objects (it’s the total energy of an object’s motion (KE) and position (PE) of an object). (KE + PE) Sound energy is a type of mechanical energy; it’s produced by an object’s vibrations. Examples: running, leaves rustling, ball rolling, whistling

RADIANT (LIGHT) ENERGY Radiant Energy is light energy given off in the form of waves and particles (called photons) (see it) Most light energy is not visible to human eyes; radiant energy is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum. (see it) The Sun is the Earth’s main source of radiant energy

Infrared radiation- produces heat in form of waves How microwaves work

Bonds break between compounds and release energy CHEMICAL ENERGY Chemical Energy is the energy produced when the bonds between atoms and molecules are broken and rearranged (during chemical reactions). Examples: photosynthesis, digestion, battery (stored energy), coal (stored energy) Bonds break between compounds and release energy

NUCLEAR ENERGY FISSION (splitting of nuclei) FUSION (joining of nuclei) Nuclear Energy is the energy released from a nuclear reaction in the nucleus of an atom; the nucleus of an atom can break apart (fission) or nuclei can join together with others (fusion). Examples: atomic bomb (fission), formation of a Star (fusion)

ELECTRICAL ENERGY Electrical Energy is the energy produced by moving electrons. Electrons are negatively charged particles found in atoms. For example: Toasters, TVs, Light bulbs all use electrical energy

THERMAL (HEAT) ENERGY Thermal Energy is the energy produced by moving atoms and molecules; moving atoms create heat Infrared waves, which are a part of the electromagnetic spectrum, also produce thermal energy. For example: the sun, a fire, a stove top, or two objects rubbing together give off heat energy see it

ENERGY TRANSFORMATION/ CONVERSION NOTES FORMS OF ENERGY ENERGY TRANSFORMATION/ CONVERSION NOTES When work is done on an object, energy is transferred (passed on) to the object. For example: when kicking a ball, the energy transfers from your foot to the ball. ENERGY CONVERSIONS -when energy changes from one form or state to another. Energy can change states (PE  KE); this is an energy conversion Energy can change from PE to KE to PE again and vice versa. For example: a roller coaster ride, a yo-yo or a skier Energy can change forms, too; this is called an energy conversion For example: a battery changes chemical energy into electrical energy A flashlight changes electrical energy into radiant energy

What is the Law of Conservation of Energy? It states that energy in a system can be converted from one form to another or from one object to another, but the total amount of energy stays the same; the energy in a system is neither created nor destroyed. A system is set of connected (interrelated) things or parts forming a complex whole.

What is a “Law”, scientifically speaking? Observations Hypothesis Experiments Theory A law is a statement which explains some kind of regularity of nature. Theories might help to explain the cause(s) of a law’s regularity. Law

A scientific law represents a hypothesis (or group of related hypotheses) which has been confirmed through repeated testing, almost always conducted over a span of many years. Generally, a law uses a handful of fundamental concepts and equations to define the rules governing a set of phenomena.