Building Blocks of Life CELLS Building Blocks of Life Martin2011

Prokaryotic Cells Prokaryotic cells Very simple Few internal structures DNA is NOT enclosed in a nucleus NO membrane-bound organelles Martin2011

Examples of Prokaryotic Cells Photos: Daniel Kunkel Martin2011

Eukaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells Very complex Many internal structures DNA is enclosed in a nucleus Many membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria and Golgi bodies Martin2011

Examples of Eukaryotic Cells http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html?tqskip1=1&tqtime=0919 Martin2011

Cell Membrane Cell membrane: The protective layer around all cells. The cell membrane controls what goes in and what goes out of cells. The Fence Martin2011

Cell Wall Cell Wall: Tough, rigid outer covering found in plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria. Animal cells do not have cell walls. Cell walls protect and support. The Brick Wall http://www.tvdsb.ca/webpages/brownt12/files/index1.htm Martin2011

Cytoplasm Cytoplasm: The gel-like material inside cells. This is where many of the chemical reactions take place The Filler Martin2011

The Cytoskeleton Cytoskeleton: Helps the cell maintain OR change its shape. Some organisms move by stretching and contracting the cytoskeleton. The Bones http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/cytoskeleton.html?tqskip1=1&tqtime=0919 Martin2011

The Nucleus Nucleus: Directs all the activities of the cell. The DNA in the nucleus contains the instructions for everything the cell does. The nucleus is surrounded by its own membrane. The Brain, The Skull Martin2011

The Mitochondria Mitochondria: Break down food (sugars) into carbon dioxide and water. This reaction releases the stored energy in the food, The Furnace The Power Plant Martin2011

Mitochondria at Work http://www.tvdsb.ca/webpages/brownt12/files/index1.htm Martin2011

The Chloroplasts Chloroplasts: Use the energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars (food). Animal cells do not have chloroplasts. The Sugar Factory Martin2011

Chloroplasts at Work http://www.tvdsb.ca/webpages/brownt12/files/index1.htm Martin2011

The Endoplasmic Reticulum One long membrane that connects the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane. It has many folds. Proteins and other chemicals move along this membrane. The Highway System Martin2011

The ER at Work http://www.tvdsb.ca/webpages/brownt12/files/index1.htm Martin2011

The Ribosomes Ribosomes: Made in the nucleolus, these organelles move out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm. They have no membranes that surround them. They make proteins. The Protein Factory http://www.tvdsb.ca/webpages/brownt12/files/index1.htm Martin2011

The Golgi Bodies Golgi Bodies: These organelles sort, fold, package, and deliver proteins and other chemicals to areas inside and outside the cell. The UPS Store: Sort, Pack, and Deliver Martin2011

Golgi Bodies at Work http://www.tvdsb.ca/webpages/brownt12/files/index1.htm Martin2011

The Lysosomes Lysosomes: These contain digestive chemicals (enzymes) that break down food particles, waste products, and damaged cell parts for recycling. These are much more important in animal cells. The Recycling Center http://www.tvdsb.ca/webpages/brownt12/files/index1.htm Martin2011

The Vacuoles Vacuoles: These temporarily store water, food, and waste materials. These are very large and very important in plant cells. They also provide support. The Closet http://www.tvdsb.ca/webpages/brownt12/files/index1.htm Martin2011

References http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/introduction.html http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/Cells/cells.htm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zafJKbMPA8&feature=related Martin2011

Gallery of Cells Martin2011