Cell Structure and Function

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Presentation transcript:

Cell Structure and Function Department of Biolgoy, WCU

Cells Variation: shape, size and function (blood, fat, nerve) Common features nucleus, cytoplasm, membrane

Cell structure

Plasma membrane Lipid bilayer (water impermeable) Head (polar), tail (non-polar) Hydrophilic Hydrophobic Glycolipids Cholesterol

Proteins Integral Peripheral Cytoskeleton transport (1. binding, 2. channels) Peripheral Enzymes, cell division Cytoskeleton support

Membrane specializations 1. Microvilli finger-like projections Function increase surface area kidney, intestine

Molecule passage Absorption - plasma membrane Secretion - plasma membrane Intercellular spaces

Membrane specializations 2. Membrane junctions Tight junction (kidney) Desomosome (muscle cell) Gap junction (nerve)

Cytoplasm Definition (not the nucleus) Components organelles cytosol inclusions

Organelles “Cell is body, organelles are organs” Bound by membranes Functions maintain internal environment prevent enzyme leaching

Organelles 1. Mitochondria density indicates activity 2 membranes Sugar + O2 CO2 + H2O + ATP DNA and RNA

Organelles 2. Ribosomes Protein + RNA (rRNA) Types free ribosomes polyribosomes membrane-bound ribosomes (RER)

Organelles 3. Endoplasmic reticulum Types RER, SER

Endoplasmic reticulum RER functions protein secretion (export) protein, phospholipid, cholesterol SER functions steroids (estrogen, testosterone) chemical detoxification muscle contraction (Ca++)

Organelles 4. Golgi apparatus Structure: membrane sacs Function: protein modification and packing for export

Organelles 5. Lysosome Structure Function spherical bags “garbage disposal” accumulate H+ endocytosis (bacteria, toxins)

Organelles 6. Centrioles Structure Function barrel-shaped bodies (9 triplet) Function mitotic spindle formation

Organelles 7. Nucleus - control center Structure Function nuclear envelope + pore nucleolus chromatin - DNA Function production of DNA

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