Warm Up – January 10 Answer the following questions on a sheet of paper: 1. Who were the Vietcong? What individual was their leader? 2. Who was the leader in South Vietnam that was viewed as weak and corrupt? What did the US approve of because of this? 3. What reasons were given by those that were opposed to US involvement in the Vietnam War? 4. What was the Tet Offensive? What did it show about the Vietcong? 5. Why did President Nixon want to gradual withdrawal troops from the conflict in Vietnam instead of taking them out right away? 6. What was the result of the Vietnam War?

World History Final Exam Monday – January 14th in this room 43 Multiple Choice Questions (38 of them count) 20% of your final grade Tomorrow – Practice Exam

QUESTION # 6 How did the printing revolution contribute to increase global interaction? A. By making texts available to broader audiences, leading to the spread of new ideas B. By creating interchangeable parts that made repairing the printing press easier C. By mass producing the press to make it available to small towns D. By using color to gain the interest of more people

QUESTION # 7 Effects of the Plague (Black Death) Europe lost a third of its population. Labor shortages brought higher wages for many workers. Peasants left their manors, weakening the feudal system.

QUESTION # 7 Which conclusion about effects of the plague can be drawn from the listed information? A Catastrophic events can trigger changes in human institutions. B Tragic events strengthen religion as people seek answers in their faith. C People seek the comfort of traditional, familiar ways following traumatic events. D Societies flourish during many types of disasters and epidemics.

QUESTION # 8 Which is an effect of European exploration of the Americas? A Germany extended its New World empire. B Spain dominated North and South America. C Africans were enslaved to work in mines and on plantations. D American Indians maintained resistance to African and Eurasian diseases.

QUESTION # 9 What was a significant result of European exploration through the Columbian Exchange? A. Europeans became dependent on crops from America. B. The bubonic plague spread throughout Europe. C. European diseases caused millions of deaths among American Indians. D. Raw materials from America became very expensive due to scarcity.

QUESTION # 10 How did the new ideas and scientific advances of the Renaissance challenge the Catholic Church? A New Renaissance universities, which emphasized scientific research, gave most citizens educational opportunities that challenged the religious institutions. B Individualism and humanist ideas from the Renaissance challenged citizens to seek answers for themselves rather than from religious institutions. C New merchant guilds formed by the middle class owed allegiance to the leaders of the Renaissance rather than the Catholic Church. D Feudal noble landowners accepted the scientific advances of the Renaissance that were supported by the Catholic Church.

World History The End of The Cold War

Race for the H-Bomb 1949 - Soviet Union tested atomic bomb Truman vs Stalin race for the H-bomb – hydrogen bomb 67x more destructive than the atomic bomb Nov. 1, 1952 – US tested first H-bomb 1953 – Soviets tested H-bomb

Space Race US vs USSR desire for international power/prestige  Space Race Who can get a man into outer space first USSR victory – Oct. 4, 1957 – USSR launched Sputnik, first artificial satellite that took pictures of Earth as it orbited it US increased space funding  Jan. 31, 1958 – US launched its first satellite

Policy of Brinkmanship Brinkmanship – the willingness of the US to go to the edge of all-out nuclear war US trimmed army/navy, expanded air force, increased nuclear weapon supply Practiced in 1950s by presidents Truman and Eisenhower Constant fear of nuclear warfare

John F Kennedy and the Cold War JFK’s criticized Eisenhower and Republicans for… Relying too heavily on nuclear weapons Threatening to use nukes over minor conflicts Allowing communism to spread to Cuba (too close to US) JFK’s administration developed the flexible response policy – JFK’s defense strategy to fight a non-nuclear war Increased defense spending on traditional military forces (non-nuclear forces) – army and navy Created the Special Forces aka the Green Berets Tripled the overall nuclear capabilities of the US (just in case)

Communism in Cuba 1959 – Cuban revolutionary leader Fidel Castro led the rebellion to overthrow Cuban dictator – promised to rid Cuba of poverty and inequality US suspicious but recognized new gov’t 1960 - Castro declared Cuba communist and welcomed aid from USSR Land was nationalized (put under gov’t control)  US instituted economic trade sanctions

The Bay of Pigs Early 1960 – CIA trained Cuban exiles for a Cuban invasion to overthrow Castro April 17, 1961 – 1,500 Cuban exiles with support of US military invaded the Bay of Pigs  nothing went as planned Air strike failed to knock out Cuban air force, CIA reported otherwise Some troops never reached shore, those that did faced 25,000 Cuban troops and Soviet tanks/jets Most exiles were killed or imprisoned JFK looked incompetent, US embarrassed

Cuban Missile Crisis - 1962 “For a moment, the world had stood still and now it was going around again.” – Robert Kennedy JFK criticized for practicing brinksmanship, Cuban exiles claimed the Democrats had “lost Cuba” and switched to the GOP Castro banned all flights to and from the US

Berlin Wall 1961 – Too many East Berliners were fleeing to West Berlin  Soviets contemplated blockading West Berlin, but decided to build the Berlin Wall made of concrete topped with barbed wire Berlin Wall contained communism from West Germany, but served as a symbol of communist oppression

Attempting to Ease Tensions JFK and Khrushchev became aware of the gravity of split-second decisions that separated Cold War peace from nuclear disaster 1963 - both leaders searched for ways to decrease tensions the establishment of a hot line between the White House and the Kremlin - enabled the leaders to communicate at once should a crisis arise US and USSR agreed to a Limited Test Ban Treaty – prohibited the testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere, in outer space, or underwater

Jimmy Carter – Democrat (1976- 1980)

Jimmy Carter (D) – 1976-1980 Jimmy Carter (D) 1979 – Soviets invade Afghanistan 1980 – U.S. supports freedom fighters Jimmy Carter (D) 1980 – U.S. boycotts Moscow Summer Olympics in protest  Jimmy Carter (D) 1980 – “Miracle on Ice” occurs during Winter Olympics U.S. defeats Soviet Union in Semifinal Hockey match – Soviets were heavy favorites to win

Ronald Reagan - Republican (1981-1989)

RONALD REAGAN (R) – 1981-1989 1983 – Strategic Defense Initiative or Star Wars initiated by President Reagan 1985 – Mikeal Gorbachev comes to power and introduces democratic (Glasnost) and Capitalism (Perestroika) reforms  1988 – Soviets leave Afghanistan (beaten & frustrated) 1989 – Berlin Wall falls; S.U. loses its satellite nations 1989 – Tiananmen Square Massacre in China Student led Demonstrations – Democratic protests against the government of China troops with assault rifles and tanks killed at least several hundred demonstrators trying to block the military's advance towards Tiananmen Square.

George HW Bush – Republican – 1989-1993

GEORGE BUSH (R) – 1989- 1993 George Bush Sr. (R) 1991 – Soviet Union collapses 1991 – Russia elects Boris Yeltsin to lead new democracy No more Soviet Union means no more Cold War. Capitalism wins and Communism loses!

TOD: January 10 Answer the following questions on a sheet of paper: 1. How was JFK’s policy during the Cold War different than Eisenhower’s? 2. What kind of government took over Cuba? Who was their leader? 3. What was the purpose of the Bay of Pigs? How did it make JFK look incompetent? 4. What event was the closest the U.S. and Soviet Union ever came to nuclear war? 5. How did the Soviet economic policies of glasnost and perestroika signal the Cold War was coming to an end?