Video: History & Rise of China Mao to Now Video: History & Rise of China

Communism in China (1949-Present) 1911 - Fall of the Qing Dynasty Pu-Yi, last emperor Loss of power due to Opium Wars and loss in Sino-Japanese War (1894-95) Japan’s imperialist tendencies on the rise China forced to open treaty ports, give up territory Anger at Qing Dynasty, → increasing Nationalism in China 1911, Nationalist Revolt → Republic of China Sun Yixian provisional president Mao Zedong First Communist dictator of China. He gained the support of peasants because he promised to provide them with their own land once the Communists were brought to power.

Communism in China (1949-Present) Civil War in China Chinese Communist Party founded in 1921 Conflict with Nationalists under Jiang Jieshi, from 1927 Long March 1934-35, ~6000 miles Communist retreat from Kuomintang forces Endure starvation, bombardment, attacks ~85,000 start, ~8,000 finish Re-establish Communist Party, Mao is undisputed leader

Communism in China (1949-Present) After WWII, uneasy truce, but 1947-49 increased conflict 1949 Revolution → Communists win China adopts Communism after 22 years of civil war Mao Zedong proclaims People’s Republic of China (PRC) Mao Zedong First Communist dictator of China. He gained the support of peasants because he promised to provide them with their own land once the Communists were brought to power.

Communism in China (1949-Present) Great Leap Forward 1958-1960 An attempt by Mao to modernize (update) the industrial (factory) and agricultural (farm) production of China. Peasants forced to move onto large government farms. Program was very similar to Five Year Plans and Collectivization in the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin. Both Mao and Stalin had a command economy (communism) in which the government owned businesses and farms, making all economic decisions. Process led to an economic crisis

Communism in China (1949-Present) Cultural Revolution 1966 - 1976 This was a period in China where Mao used violent young Communist soldiers, the Red Guards to eliminate all of the opposition he had within China. Aimed to reassert his authority on Chinese Communist Party Mobilized youth by shutting down schools Red Guard would harass intellectual and “bourgeois” Cult of personality around Mao “Correct” interpretation of Maoist thought

Communism in China (1949-Present)

Communism in China (1949-Present) Deng Xiaoping Became leader in China from 1978-1989. Deng changed the economy of China from a command/communist economy (in which the government owns businesses) to include a market / capitalist / free enterprise economy (in which individuals own businesses). This is the system that is largely used in China today.

Communism in China (1949-Present) Tiananmen Square Protests / Massacre 1989 Series of protests where the Chinese people peacefully demanded democratic reforms to the communist system. They wanted more rights and a say in government. Deng Xiaoping called in the army to end the protests. Hundreds of Chinese protesters were killed or arrested. June 3-4, 1989 Tiananmen Square Massacre Actions proved that China’s government was not willing to make democratic changes.

Tank Man, June 5, 1989

Communism in China (1949-Present) Current issues in China China controls the Buddhist region of Tibet. The people of Tibet want independence (self-government). China denies its people human rights (such as freedom of speech and the right to vote). In order to prevent overpopulation (China = 1.3 billion), the government of China only allowed each family to have one child until 2016. Now there can be two. Uneasy relationship with free world countries is ongoing important for trade but can be aggressive in region

Quiz The policies of which 2oth-century leader helped to create the situation shown in this 2006 cartoon? (1) Deng Xiaoping (2) Kim Jong Il (3) Aung San Suu Kyi (4) Ho Chi Minh