Real Driving Emissions IWG Recommendations for Data Collection & EU Dataset Pierre Bonnel, Alessandro Zardini European Commission – Joint Research Centre RDE-IWG Meeting – Geneva – 9th January 2019

Outline Minimum recommendations for data collection Overview of European Dataset (Vehicles/ Tests per vehicles / Examples) [Reminder] Supporting elements: Guidance for testing, Data evaluation tools

Outline Recommendations for data collection Overview of European Dataset (Vehicles, Tests per vehicles, Example of results) [Reminder] Supporting elements: Guidance for testing, Data evaluation tools, PEMS instrumentation uncertainty

Boundary conditions Main elements which are specific to Contracting Parties: Moderate and extended temperature and altitude ranges Overall driving dynamics (draft GTR Appendix 5) Excess of absence of driving dynamics (Appendix 7a)

Recommendations - Vehicle testing Laboratory testing: Vehicles shall be tested on the applicable certification cycle(s) and possibly the WLTP Road load derivation shall be conducted according to the rules applicable to the considered cycle and the CO2 emissions [g/km] shall be measured for each phase of the cycle(s)

Recommendations - Vehicle testing On road testing: Vehicles shall be tested according to the draft GTR testing protocol (Appendix 1) PEMS test equipment shall fulfill Appendix 2 requirements Some tests (at least one per vehicle) should fulfill the U/R/M coverage and order requirements currently laid down in the draft GTR CPs may/should add tests whose coverage is different from the GTR requirements and whose trip composition (U/R/M driving) must include the driving situations of interest in terms of driving dynamics and vehicle conditioning Altitude coverage and cumulative altitude gain should be considered when selecting routes for testing

Recommendations – Test fleets Vehicle selection The test fleet should cover the range of up-to-date technologies, vehicle categories and power-to-mass ratio representative for the considered region Vehicle preparation and documentation According to GTR Additional regional specific: declared CO2 emissions on the type approval cycle(s)

Outline Minimum recommendations for data collection Overview of European Dataset (Vehicles/ Tests per vehicles) [Reminder] Supporting elements: Guidance for testing, Data evaluation tools, PEMS instrumentation uncertainty

Overview 11 vehicles (4 petrol, 6 diesel, 1 OVC-HEV) After-treatments: TWC, DOC, SCR, LNT, EGR, DPF 79 RDE tests 6 Routes (ESP, LAB, ESD, LAD, Ries, Arzberg) PEMS (AVL-Move, Sensors-Semtech)

List of Vehicles Vehicle Category Fuel Euro Volume [cm3] Power [kW] Transmission Treatment After Ref. CO2 mass (WLTP/2) 1 M1 Petrol 6b 1000 70 MT TWC 1.435 2 Diesel 2950 193 AT DOC+EGR+DPF+SCR 2.608 3 1950 110 EGR+LNT+DPF 1.618 4 6 1600 140 2.011 5 1250 51 1.634 N1 1550 73 1.695 7 5b 130 EGR+DPF 2.175 8 Petrol/Elect. 1400 110+75 1.836 9 6750 420 N/A 3.851 10 1968 SCR+PDF 1.474 11 90 1.525

EU Dataset – Overview of emissions data CO2 and NOx emissions over the complete routes “as such”, i.e. unprocessed for trip validity and emissions corrections according to EU-RDE

Vehicle 10 (Example) – Testing conditions ID Driving condition Payload [kg] T amb. [C] Cumulative altitude gain [m] Extended conditions 54 Normal constant 16.8 1084 N 55 15.8 1327 56 14.6 1337 57 12.2 1104 58 Dynamic 16.1 1124 59 Low emissions driving 17.7 1049 60 19.1 1038 61 17.3 790 62 22.3 775 63 Emissions Provoking Driving 8.6 1089 64 Emissions Provoking Driving Loaded 10.7 811 65 26.3 1061

Example: Vehicle 10– Effect of testing conditions Test #60 (Normal driving)

Example: Vehicle 10– Effect of testing conditions Test #63 (Emissions provoking)

Outline Minimum recommendations for data collection Overview of European Dataset (Vehicles/ Tests per vehicles) [Reminder] Supporting elements: Guidance for testing, Data evaluation tools, PEMS instrumentation uncertainty

Supporting documents and tools - Guidance Guidance: practical recommendations for the execution of real-driving emissions (EU-RDE) tests with Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) on board of light-duty vehicles (LDV) Best practices contained in this guidance note aim at obtaining valid PEMS tests and to prevent wrongdoings in the preparation, execution, and follow up of emissions testing with PEMS Types of PEMS tests: EU-RDE & research http://skp.jrc.cec.eu.int/skp/showPub?id=JR C109812

Supporting documents and tools - Guidance In-use emissions test with PEMS [What shall I measure and how]? Instrumentation performance requirements [Which instruments shall I use?] Test preparation [How do I select and prepare the vehicle for the test?] Test conditions [Under which conditions shall I test the vehicle?] Test Protocol [How shall I conduct the test?] Data screening [How shall I evaluate the quality of the measurements?]

Supporting documents and tools - EMROAD 6 EMROAD 6 (To be released within January 2019) can run calculations according to the EU RDE Regulation (“RDE4”) The tool is available in the CIRCABC group "New light duty test procedures: WLTP, MAC, ...", in the section "RDE-LDV Reference documents and tools". Access to this section is open to all and does not require any registration or membership: https://circabc.europa.eu/w/browse/79a4a9 b6-4003-4e02-956d-048dcef1a169

EMROAD EMROAD is a Microsoft Excel add-in for analyzing vehicle emissions data recorded with Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS). In the frame of the European legislative PEMS programs for heavy-duty vehicles (HDV), non-road mobile machinery (NRMM), and light-duty vehicles (LDV), EMROAD was developed as a research tool, primarily used to support the development of PEMS data evaluation methods for the EU emissions legislation. These legislative developments being completed, EMROAD is updated by the JRC on a regular basis to meet: - For light-duty vehicles, the applicable methods and requirements are laid down in EU Regulations 2016/427 (except for the Power Binning Method in Appendix 6), 2016/646, 2017/1154 and 2018/1832 (RDE4, from January 2019) on Real Driving Emissions (RDE). - For heavy-duty vehicles, the applicable methods and requirements are laid down in Regulations 582/2011, 2016/1718 and upcoming regs (EURO VIe, from January 2019).

[EU Dataset] Testing conditions per vehicle

Vehicle 1 – Testing conditions ID Driving condition Payload [kg] T amb. [C] Cumulative altitude gain [m] Extended conditions 1 Dynamic constant 11.4 761 N 2 7.8 791 3 Normal 25.6 766 4 14.4 788 5 15.7 775 6 9.6 847 7 19.9 880 8 873 9 709

Vehicle 2 – Testing conditions ID Driving condition Payload [kg] T amb. [C] Cumulative altitude gain [m] Extended conditions 10 Dynamic constant 17.2 781 N 11 14.3 792 12 Normal 16.1 777 13 21.5 597 14 21.8 852 15 14.7 905 16 883

Vehicle 3 – Testing conditions ID Driving condition Payload [kg] T amb. [C] Cumulative altitude gain [m] Extended conditions 17 Normal constant 20.2 604 N 18 28.4 796 19 Dynamic 21.0 769 20 24.2 783 21 25.4 610 22 779 23 30.3 879 24 22.4 873 25 29.3 887

Vehicle 4 – Testing conditions ID Driving condition Payload [kg] T amb. [C] Cumulative altitude gain [m] Extended conditions 26 Normal constant 21.3 7 N 27 12.6 749 28 11.5 746 29 6.2 2 30 9.3 585 31 7.2 763

Vehicle 5 – Testing conditions ID Driving condition Payload [kg] T amb. [C] Cumulative altitude gain [m] Extended conditions 32 Dynamic constant 25.2 603 N 33 Normal 29.4 623 34 26.3 601 35 25.7 738 36 31.6 886 37 21.0 742

Vehicle 6 – Testing conditions ID Driving condition Payload [kg] T amb. [C] Cumulative altitude gain [m] Extended conditions 38 Dynamic constant 21.1 614 N 39 Normal Loaded 250 22.5 600 40 Normal 30.1 790 41 18.8 785 42 23.6 631 43 28.3 733 44 27.3 869 45 31.4 863

Vehicle 7 – Testing conditions ID Driving condition Payload [kg] T amb. [C] Cumulative altitude gain [m] Extended conditions 46 Normal constant 26.7 886 N 47 31.3 568

Normal - Battery charge Vehicle 8 – Testing conditions Test ID Driving condition Payload [kg] T amb. [C] Cumulative altitude gain [m] Extended conditions 48 Normal - Hybrid constant 25.5 764 N 49 Normal - Emode 26.5 604 50 22.6 769 51 Normal - Battery charge 19.1 776

Vehicle 9 – Testing conditions ID Driving condition Payload [kg] T amb. [C] Cumulative altitude gain [m] Extended conditions 52 Normal constant 23.1 236 N 53 7.7 537

Vehicle 10 – Testing conditions ID Driving condition Payload [kg] T amb. [C] Cumulative altitude gain [m] Extended conditions 54 Normal constant 16.8 1084 N 55 15.8 1327 56 14.6 1337 57 12.2 1104 58 Dynamic 16.1 1124 59 Low emissions driving 17.7 1049 60 19.1 1038 61 17.3 790 62 22.3 775 63 Emissions Provoking Driving 8.6 1089 64 Emissions Provoking Driving Loaded 10.7 811 65 26.3 1061

Vehicle 11 – Testing conditions ID Driving condition Payload [kg] T amb. [C] Cumulative altitude gain [m] Extended conditions 66 Normal constant 29.0 1183 N 67 27.1 1351 68 27.7 1352 69 32.8 1424 70 20.7 1101 71 24.6 1343 72 18.1 1115 73 Dynamic 22.0 1825 74 19.3 1976 75 Emissions Provoking Driving Loaded 30.8 1030 76 20.8 772 77 27.6 763 78 Emissions Provoking Driving Loaded Alpine 32.3 1083 79 29.6 1059