Energy transformations and conservation Chapter 10 Lesson 1 Energy transformations and conservation

Sunshine State Standards SC. 7. N. 3.2.- Identify the benefits and limitations of models SC. 7. P. 11. 1.- Recognize that adding hear to or removing heat from a system may result in a temperature change and possibly a change of state. SC. 7. P. 11. 2. –Investigate and describe the transformation of energy from one form to another. SC. 7. N. 3.1.- Recognize and explain the difference between theories and laws and give several examples of scientific theories and the evidence that supports them SC. 7. N. 11.3.- Cite evidence to explain that energy cannot be created nor destroyed only changed from one form to another. LA. 7.2.2.3.-The student will organize information to show understanding

How does Heat Affect a System? Energy is the ability to do work or cause change. Matter in any state contains some form of energy. The states of matter can change from one state to another when heat is added and decreased.

What is a state?? LIQUID When I talk about a state am I referring to the states of America?? Then what is a state of matter? NO!!!! LIQUID GAS

Solid A solid has a definite shape and a definite volume. The particles that make up the solid are packed very tightly together so that they cannot move very much The only way the shape of a solid can change is if enough force is added to break it apart, or it is heated to form a different state.

Liquid The shape of the liquid depends on the container it is in. A liquid has a definite volume but no shape of its own. The particles that make up the liquid are not as tightly packed as the particles that make up a solid. There is more room for the particles to move around more freely and fluidly.

Gas Gas does not have a definite shape OR volume. The volume and shape of a gas depends on the container it is being kept in. The particles that make up a gas move around freely and are packed in the least of all the types of matter.

Diagram of the particles in matter moving in different states

Changes of State Matter can change from one state to another by adding temperature to or reducing the temperature of matter.

Freezing Point Freezing point is the temperature at which matter freezes and becomes solid The freezing point of water is 0 degrees Celsius. Is 0 degrees Celsius the freezing point of all matter? NO Particles move faster then slow down as they get colder and freeze into solids.

Chocolate melting at body temperature is the melting point. Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid boils. The more heat that is added to matter the faster the particles move, if they move fast enough the liquid can transform into a gas. Like freezing point, boiling point varies by the type of matter. Boiling Point

Balloon Time!!!

Energy and Changes of State What are the two basic types of energy? Potential Energy Kinetic Energy

Potential Energy Potential energy is the energy that results from the position or shape of an object. Any object no matter its size has the potential to fall. THAT IS THE OBJECTS POTENTIAL ENERGY!

Kinetic and Mechanical Energy Kinetic energy is the energy that results from the motion of an object. Anything in motion and moving has kinetic energy. Mechanical energy is energy associated with the position, shape, or motion of an object and is made up of kinetic and potential energy. Force Kinetic energy

Thermal energy OUCH!!!! That’s HOT! As we talked about earlier in the chapter, all matter is made up of tiny particles that are vibrating at different rates. The total kinetic and potential energy of ALL of the particles in an object is that objects THERMAL ENERGY. Thermal energy is transferred from hot to cold. When heat is added thermal energy increases, when it is taken away, thermal energy decreases. OUCH!!!! That’s HOT! Thermal energy is transferring from the hot stove making the metal pot HOT!

Energy in Particles The particles in matter that objects are made up of have different types of energy. The other form of energy in particles is Nuclear Energy- energy stored in the nucleus of an atom Thermal Energy- kinetic and potential energy of particles Electric Energy- energy carried in the eclectic charges of particles Electromagnetic Energy- travels through space in waves Chemical Energy- potential energy stored in chemical bonds

Energy Transfer All forms of energy can be transformed into other forms of energy. A change of energy from one form to another is called an energy transformation. Energy transformations can either be single or multiple transformations.

Single and multiple transformations Single transformation Only one form of energy being transformed into another form to do work. Multiple transformations A series of transformations needed to do work. Photosynthesis is an example of multiple transformations. Nuclear energy Electromagnetic energy Chemical energy

Energy conservation & friction The law of energy conservation. In a system energy is neither created or destroyed… it is conserved. The total amount of energy in a system before a transformation equals the total amount of energy in a system after a transformation. The types of energy may change. Friction The force that one surface exerts on another surface when two surfaces rub against each other. Friction can cause a system to heat up.

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