Greek Philosophy, Art, & Literature 4.4
Philosophy Philosopher Lover of wisdom Mathematics Music Logic Ethics Morality Discover laws that governed the universe through reason and observation Debated the best kind of government and how to rule human behavior
Sophists & Socrates Sophists questioned accepted ideas Socrates Success was more important than moral truth Some thought this undermined Greek values Socrates Athenian Most of what we know comes from his student, Plato Socratic Method Spent time asking questions as a way to help others seek truth and self-knowledge Seen as a threat to values and traditions, put on trial Convicted of corrupting the youth and executed
PLato Distrusted democracy Set up Academy The Republic Taught and wrote about the importance of reason Through rational thought people could discover unchanging ethical values, recognize perfect beauty, and learn how to best organize society The Republic Ideal society State should regulate life Workers, Soldiers, Philosophers Thought men surpassed women
Aristotle Analyzed forms of government Favored rule by a strong and virtuous leader The Golden Mean Thought people should live a of moderation between extremes Promoted reason as the guiding force for learning Lyceum Study all branches of knowledge Wrote about Politics, ethics, logic, biology, literature, etc.
Architecture Sought to convey a sense of perfect balance to reflect the harmony and order of the universe Parthenon
Art Early sculptors mimicked Egyptian styles Rigid poses 450 BCE Greek sculptors developed a new style Emphasized natural forms Lifelike Idealistic Paintings On pottery
Literature Classical Style Homer Sappho Pindar Elegant and balanced forms of tradition Greek art Homer Epic poems Sappho Love and beauty Pindar Athletes
Literature Drama Tragedies Early plays evolved out of religious festivals to honor Dionysus Actors wore elaborate costumes and stylized masks Chorus sang or chanted Based on popular myths and legends Tragedies Told the stories of human suffering that usually ended in disaster Sophocles, Aeschylus, Euripides
Literature Comedy History Humorous plays that mocked people or customs Aristophanes Similar approach as political cartoonists today History Herodotus The Father of History Went beyond listing names of ruler and retelling ancient legends Historie – inquiry Interviewed people and chronicled events, his own opinion heavily influenced his writings