Texas History- Industrial Revolution US History Unit 5

War of 1812 Events Writing of Star Spangled Banner Causes British warship attacked an American ship killing three Americans and took prisoners U.S. sailors British strict trade restrictions US refusal to buy British goods British support of Native American opposition to frontierWar Hawks desire to acquire Canada Impressment of U.S. sailors Events Writing of Star Spangled Banner Attack/Burning of Washington D.C. Battle of New Orleans Treaty of Ghent-Ended that War of 1812 Effects Nationalism increased Native American resistance to westward expansion weakened Manufacturing grew Started the Industrial Revolution in America

Urbanization & Industrialization Urbanization- The population moves from rural areas to cities (urban areas) in an effort to find better opportunities or jobs. Industrialization- The use of factories to create goods. Factories and transportation systems are created. The population moves from farming to manufacturing. You have to have both events happing at the same time. One cannot occur by itself.

physical factors and human factors in the Industrial Revolution Settlement patterns (missions, towns, farms) – settled near water source and generally flat, fertile areas Cattle drives – drove the herds through open territory and stayed as close to a water source as possible Galveston Hurricane – led to the building of a seawall and improvement in earlier warning systems for severe weather along the Texas Coast. Human factors Secession – development of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1792 and the increased use of irrigation systems dramatically increased the production of cotton. The importance of cotton in Texas is one of the reasons why Texans voted to secede from the Union in 1861 Railroads – led to the development of boom towns along their routes and promoted movement of people into the plains. Railroads also eliminated the need for cattle drives.

Innovations during the Industrial Revolution Textile Factories – Used machines to produce cloth in large quantities, increasing U.S. cloth production and sales (Samuel Slater) Bessemer steel process – process for making cheap steel that made America the top producer of steel in the world. Interchangeable Parts – made production of goods cheaper and easier by speeding up manufacturing process (Eli Whitney) Railroads – Connected new western areas to eastern coastal urban centers Telegraph – Instantly connected distant parts of United States through electronic communication (Samuel F. B. Morse) Steamboat – revolutionized transportation by traveling against the current, opened the West, improved movement of goods (Robert Fulton) Cotton Gin – increased cotton production (Eli Whitney) Steamboat – increased trade, faster and cheaper goods Cotton Gin – increased need for slave labor on plantations Factory system – explosion of urban growth in the 19th century – brought problems with sewage, water, slums, safety, etc. Telegraph – brought people in distant places into instant contact with other areas Steel plow and reaper 1830s – turned mid-West into the bread basket of the nation: transportation revolution allowed mass marketing of Western produce

Effects of the Industrial Revolution on the regions of the United States The geography of the North and South determined where industry and agriculture would develop. North – cold climate, rocky soil, agriculture difficult, many rushing streams to be used as a power source; many port cities to export products; large work force because subsistence farmers were willing to move to the cities for work in the factories, Therefore, urban areas (cities) developed around the factories to provide housing and services for the workers. South – warm climate, moist and fertile soil, agriculture could flourish, few port cities, smaller population Therefore, smaller towns and communities developed with farms and plantations. Slavery will grow because of the small labor force available.

Immigrants to Texas Mexican Immigrants-Most lived in the wedge-shaped region between the Nueces and Rio Grande, in the San Antonio-Goliad area, and along the Rio Grande; most of the people living in South Texas by 1850 were Tejanos; most came for land and jobs; farming and ranching were main occupations; some became active in politics; negative feelings against Mexican Americans were a result of the battles of the Alamo and Goliad during the Texas Revolution; Mexican Texans retained their cultural heritage – their religion, language, and traditions. As time passed, Mexican culture mixed with Anglo American culture and traditions in Texas. German Immigrants-Migrated to Texas to escape the hardships in Germany; established the cities central and south Texas, such as Fredericksburg and New Braunfels; by 1860, San Antonio was 1/5 German; contributed to the social and intellectual like of the state. Czech Immigrants-Fled to Texas to escape fighting in Europe during the 1840s; some fought in the Mexican- American War; settled in central and coastal Texas; Norwegians settled in Kaufman and Van Zandt Counties Other European Immigrants – Irish, English, French settled near big cities and became merchants, artisans, and laborers. Polish settled in central Texas. Came for a better way of life for their families.