Objectives Explain how early political parties emerged.

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Objectives Explain how early political parties emerged.

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Objectives Explain how early political parties emerged. Compare the political views of the Republicans and the Federalists. Discuss the result of the election of 1796.

Terms and People faction – an organized political group James Madison – supported Thomas Jefferson’s Republican views Thomas Jefferson – Republican candidate for President in 1796 and the nation’s second Vice President Alexander Hamilton – Washington’s Secretary of the Treasury; supported Federalist ideas

Terms and People (continued) John Adams – Federalist candidate for President in 1796 and the nation’s second President

How did two political parties emerge? Early political groups were called factions. They were widely thought to be selfish groups. Washington and others feared that factions would be destructive to the new government.

Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State By the 1790s, Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton were quarreling and growing apart. Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury

Jefferson’s and Hamilton’s differences led to the development of the first political parties. Republicans supported Thomas Jefferson and his ally, James Madison. Federalists supported Alexander Hamilton and his ideas.

The Republicans wanted to keep most power at the state or local level. Federal government States They feared that a strong central government would act like a monarchy.

The Federalists said that the United States needed a strong federal government. They believed the federal government would hold the country together and deal with its problems. States

The two parties also had geographic differences. Federalists were strong among Northern merchants. Republicans were supported largely by Southern farmers.

Federalists and Republicans disagreed about many issues. Were led by Thomas Jefferson Were led by Alexander Hamilton Believed people should have political power Believed wealthy and educated should lead Favored strong state government Favored strong central government Emphasized agriculture Emphasized manufacturing, shipping, and trade Favored strict interpretation of Constitution Favored loose interpretation of Constitution Were pro-French Were pro-British Opposed national bank Favored national bank Opposed protective tariff Favored protective tariff

In 1796, Washington said he would not seek a third term In 1796, Washington said he would not seek a third term. There would be an election. Both political parties nominated a candidate. Republican Candidate Thomas Jefferson Federalist Candidate John Adams

In 1796, the President and Vice President were not elected together, as they are today. The candidate with the most votes became President. The second-place candidate became Vice President.

Adams finished first and Jefferson finished second Adams finished first and Jefferson finished second. The nation gained a Federalist President and a Republican Vice President. John Adams #1 Thomas Jefferson #2 This led to serious tensions during the next four years.

Section Review QuickTake Quiz Know It, Show It Quiz 14