TRAINING WORKSHOP ON DURABLE SOLUTIONS * TRAINING WORKSHOP ON DURABLE SOLUTIONS

MODULE 5: FROM CARE AND MAINTENANCE TO SELF-RELIANCE & RESILIENCE

LEARNING OBJECTIVES Get a better understanding of the concepts of self- reliance, resilience, early solutions planning and their centrality to durable solutions Emphasize the need for early solutions analysis and planning based on strong knowledge of the environment and on the capacity of displacement affected communities

WHAT DOES SELF-RELIANCE MEAN? Self-reliance is the social and economic ability of an individual, a household or a community to meet essential needs (including protection, food, water, shelter, personal safety, health and education) in a sustainable manner and with dignity Self-reliance, as a programme approach, refers to developing and strengthening livelihoods of persons of concern, reducing their vulnerability and long-term reliance on humanitarian/external assistance – UNHCR Self-reliance, as a programme approach, requires to establish links with local communities, authorities, businesses and stakeholders that will foster durable impacts. This is the definition provided in the UNHCR Handbook on self-reliance programming and is rather suitable for durable solutions analysis and programming. You can first ask participants about their own definition of self reliance before showing it. Ask them if they agree with this definition before moving on to the next slide.

WHAT DOES RESILIENCE MEAN? Resilience is the ability of people, households, communities, countries and systems to mitigate, adapt to and recover/bounce back from shocks and stresses in a manner that reduces chronic vulnerability and facilitates inclusive growth.

WHAT DOES EARLY SOLUTIONS PLANNING MEAN? Early solutions planning encompasses steps to build the self-reliance and resilience of IDPs, returnees and host communities in the early stages of return.

SELF-RELIANCE AND RESILIENCE: two concepts, many common outcomes Based on the capacities and coping strategies of the displacement affected communities - opportunity to bounce back and move away from aid dependency Self reliance has a ‘displacement’ lens while looking at resilience (physical and legal environment) Resilience programming mainly focuses on the ‘material safety’ aspects in DS language. Critical to build on that and add legal and physical safety components – key to support (re)integration and self-reliance Long term protection, livelihood opportunities and access to services for displaced and host communities Aims at connecting displaced with the market and host communities Engaging development actors from the start, to support collective effort and inform medium to long-term planning Multi actors and multi sectors approach – build on existing resilience programing

SELF-RELIANCE AND DURABLE SOLUTIONS Self-reliance is the basis of durable solutions and development It is appropriate in all stages of a crisis no matter what the ultimate durable solution will be Self-reliance does not mean local integration but giving DACs hope, self esteem, enhancing social cohesion and contribution to social and economic life Self reliance is based on the capacities and coping strategies of the displacement affected communities Long-term temporary integration and self-reliance can be opportunities for both host and displaced communities Long-term self-reliance strategies are crucial in return areas

durable solutions processes sustainable (re)integration resilience + protection (safety/ dignity/ voluntariness/ rights) durable solutions processes sustainable (re)integration Support for self-reliance and resilience can take several forms, including: (1) strengthening the preparedness of national systems for emergency response, including contingency planning; (2) supporting national systems and local communities once displacement occurs, in order to increase absorption capacity, ensure the inclusion of displaced persons in national services, such as healthcare and education; and (3) supporting host communities to respond to the impact of forced displacement and helping displaced equip themselves for future solutions. Host communities can be supported to become more resilient through predictable and sustained support to local education and healthcare systems. Efforts to improve access to justice and other institutions essential to the rule of law, through collaboration with development actors, are also vital. In turn, increased self-reliance and resilience among the displaced and their host communities can contribute to the development of markets, lead to better services in remote areas, and support social cohesion.

FROM CARE AND MAINTENANCE TO SELF-RELIANCE Short term humanitarian assistance with inconstant funding based on the assumption of a swift achievement of durable solutions Not a stable platform on which displaced populations can progress toward self- reliance & resiliemce Livelihood and self reliance programmes in this context : Small scale, aid centric and uncoordinated, with inadequate technical expertise, poor links to market and unreliable funding Acceptance that displacement and reintegration process can last: long term planning Aims at connecting displaced with the market and host communities Builds on the existing : skills, coping strategies and competencies of the displaced Positive effects of economic dynamism of displaced people both in the place of refuge and in the place of return Its participatory and mainstreams community engagement of the population of concern and the host community Ask the participants about the difference between these two approaches before showing the two parts of the slides and conclude by explaining that humanitarian response is still crucial at the onset of a crisis and that there are still humanitarian pockets and a humanitarian role to play in protracted situations but that in both “phases” it should be complemented by a more long-term self-reliance lens. Ensure close coordination with resilience initiatives and support early onset solutions planning and programing : lessons can be learned from within the region, and globally, to ensure a meaningful shift from a care and maintenance approach to displacement, to one that builds resilience and improves self-reliance to pave the way for sustainable solutions. There are opportunities to ensure a solutions lens is applied to displacement. Linking humanitarian and development assistance is an opportunity for both sets of actors to contribute to more robust and sustainable protection and resilience programming to support self-reliance opportunities.

SELF-RELIANCE PROGRAMMING Macro level Micro level Incorporating displacement into national/local and regional poverty reduction and development plans and strategies A holistic and integrated approach In complement of humanitarian response from the onset of the crisis Area based impact analysis of displacement or return on host communities Market analysis, competency mapping and Participatory Community Analysis (PCA) to inform livelihood and self- reliance long term programmes Target : host and displaced communities Focus on activities that provide strong exit strategies (PPP, Loan and Saving schemes, social protection productivity oriented activities…) Somalia National Development Plan Resilience Pillar – Chapter 9 DINA/Resilience Recovery Framework This slide is an opportunity to underline the importance of local or area based programming for durable solutions as it has proved to lead to : More participatory, targeted and efficient response Fruitful and direct involvement of local authorities with interest in local development and amelioration of service provision Easier implementation of integrated approach in terms service provision

SELF-RELIANCE AND SERVICE PROVISION Self-reliance based planning goes hand in hand with access to basic services and does not preclude specific humanitarian assistance The specific needs of displaced persons and their specific vulnerabilities in accessing services have to be taken into account Integrated planning: shift the provision of social services to national systems : increased and better targeted and balanced services for both host and displaced An opportunity to enhance access to services, development and social cohesion in often marginalized areas Provide adequate long-term and predictable international political and financial support to countries and communities in the region that host refugees and IDPs, in such ways that improve services and inclusive economic opportunities, including on housing, employment, education, access to health care and other vital public services and infrastructure for all. At least half of the forcibly displaced people in the region are children so millions are out of school. Investing in youth and education is crucial. Failing the children and youth risks creating a lost generation and sets us on a path toward new conflicts and greater displacement in the future.

EXAMPLES OF GOOD PROGRAMMING PRACTICES

Emerging good practices and learning DAC ENGAGEMENT GOVT. /DUTY BEARER ENGAGEMENT AREA-BASED APPROACHES Supporting existing DAC structures Supporting DACs to develop their own vision/priorities Investing in social cohesion and conflict management Engaging DACs in reflection and adaptation of projects Establishing 2-way processes for sharing feedback and other information Supporting coordination within government Engaging all levels of government Working within existing structures Collectively engaging government structures Enhancing capacity based on jointly identified needs Adopting an integrated, multi-sectoral approach Avoiding duplication and agree on collective outcomes Developing joint/ collective assessments Leveraging the expertize of other actors Aligning with local planning pertaining to displacement/development/ solutions Cross-cutting issues: 1) Understanding the context and using it to inform implementation2)Creating/supporting space for dialogue and joint planning 3) Supporting local actors to take ownership of solutions processes