Periodic Table Trends

Mendeleev Period Group Family Alkali metals Earth metals OUTCOME QUESTION(S): S1-2-06 How is the Periodic Table organized for the elements and what trends exist? Vocabulary & Concepts  Mendeleev Period Group Family Alkali metals Earth metals Transition Metals Chalcogens Halogens Noble gases

Elemental symbols originated from a Greek or Latin root word Modern Symbols Alchemist Symbols Dalton Symbols Antimony Sb   Arsenic As Bismuth Bi Carbon C Copper Cu Gold Au Iron Fe Lead Pb Mercury Hg Silver Ag Sulpher S Tin Sn Zinc Zn

Russian scientist and professor Mendeleev (1870) Russian scientist and professor Arranged the 63 elements by atomic mass Noticed a repetition of properties (periodicity) Called the pattern of properties “Periodic Law” Mendeleev (correctly) predicted the mass of elements yet to be discovered and left spaces open for them

Repetition of properties (periodicity) became more clear Moseley (1913) Experiments showed proton number was a better method to organize the elements. Repetition of properties (periodicity) became more clear Modern Periodic Law: “The properties of elements are a periodic function of increasing atomic number” We know now that most element properties are due to the number of valence electrons

Non-metals M e t a l s An updated Periodic Table containing ALL 118 elements – separated into metal and non-metal atoms make up EVERYTHING in the Universe.

Element with properties opposite to those of metals (brittle, dull…) Rows of the periodic table are called periods. Elements in periods do not have similar properties Left to right Elements change from metals to non-metals Non-metal Element with properties opposite to those of metals (brittle, dull…) periods

Family names and locations need to be memorized Columns of the periodic table are called groups. Elements in groups have similar properties A family is a group with a specific name: Family names and locations need to be memorized GROUP Alkali metals Alkaline Earth metals Chalogens Halogens Inert (noble) gases

These infographics contains a lot of stuff – what is important These infographics contains a lot of stuff – what is important? What is just interesting?

(make coloured compounds, speed up chemical reactions…) Transition Metals: groups 3 – 12 unique properties different from group 1 and 2 metals (make coloured compounds, speed up chemical reactions…)

Simplest atomic structure - only 1 e- and 1 p+ Hydrogen* Group 1 Non-metal gas 1 valence electron Simplest atomic structure - only 1 e- and 1 p+ Highly chemically reactive The placement of hydrogen is only because of its structure - 1 proton… Sometimes a table will have it raised above the Alkali Metals to avoid confusion

The Octet Rule of Chemical Reactions Atoms with a FULL outer orbit are very stable (“happy”) Chemical reactions happen when atoms work together to try to get a full valence orbit Atoms will acquire a full outer shell in 3 ways: Give away extra electron(s) to another atom Take extra electron(s) from another atom Share an e- with another atom We’ll skip this one until next year

Increasing Reactivity The LESS electrons needed, the GREATER the chemical reactivity of the element Increasing Reactivity A Chemical Reaction Movement of electrons between combining atoms that results in the formation of a NEW substance.

How many valence electrons does the element have? Does it make sense to lose or gain electrons in a reaction? What trends (“periodicity”) have you found?

CAN YOU ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS? S1-2-06 How is the Periodic Table organized for the elements and what trends exist? Vocabulary & Concepts  Mendeleev Period Group Family Alkali metals Earth metals Transition Metals Chalcogens Halogens Noble gases