Erwin Schrodinger (1887 – 1961) H Y = E Y Wave Equation.

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Al Si Ne Li He P H Periodic Table Basics Be O Mg F Na N B C Cl

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Presentation transcript:

Erwin Schrodinger (1887 – 1961) H Y = E Y Wave Equation

Wave Equation Solution for E

Wave Equation Solution for Y Ground State (n = 1)

Wave Equation Solution for Y First Excited States (n = 2)

Wave Equation Solution for Y d orbitals (n > 2)

Wave Equation Solution for Y f orbitals (n > 3)

Splitting of Energy Levels

Many Electron Energy Diagram

Electron Configurations H = 1s1 He = 1s2 Li = 1s2 2s1 Be = 1s2 2s2 B = 1s2 2s2 2p1 C = 1s2 2s2 2p2 N = 1s2 2s2 2p3 O = 1s2 2s2 2p4 F = 1s2 2s2 2p5 Ne = 1s2 2s2 2p6 Na = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 Mg = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 Al = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 Si = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2 P = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3 S = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 Cl = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 Ar = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 K = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 Ca = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 Sc = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d1 etc.

The Modern Periodic Table of the Elements

Periodic Table of the Elements Dimitri Mendeleev (1834 - 1907)

Alkali Metals Element At. Weight mp (oC) D (g/mL) Oxide Chloride Lithium 7 180 0.534 Li2O LiCl Sodium 23 98 0.968 Na2O NaCl Potassium 40 63 0.89 K2O RbCl Rubidium 86 39 1.53 Rb2O Cesium 133 28 1.93 Cs2O CsCl

Alkaline Earth Metals Element At. Weight mp (oC) D (g/mL) Oxide Chloride Beryllium 9 1287 1.85 BeO BeCl2 Magnesium 24 650 1.738 MgO MgCl2 Calcium 40 842 1.55 CaO CaCl2 Barium 137 727 3.51 BaO BaCl2 Radium (226) 700 5.5 RaO RaCl2

Mendeleev’s Periodic Table

Mendeleev’s Periodic Table

Mendeleev’s Periodic Table of 1872

Property Ekaaluminum Gallium atomic mass 68 69.72 density (g/cm³) 6.0 5.904 melting point (°C) Low 29.78 oxide's formula Ea2O3 (density - 5.5 g cm-3) (soluble in both alkalis and acids) Ga2O3 (density - 5.88 g cm-3) (soluble in both alkalis and acids) chloride's formula Ea2Cl6 (volatile) Ga2Cl6 (volatile)

Diagonal Relationships Lithium & Magnesium Carbonate are Sparingly Soluble in Water (Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium & Cesium Carbonates Very Soluble in Water) Lithium & Magnesium form Oxides when Exposed to Air (Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium & Cesium form Peroxides or Superoxides) Lithium & Magnesium for Stable Nitrides (Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium & Cesium do not) Lithium & Magnesium Chloride Precipitate from an Aqueous Solution as Hydrates (Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium & Cesium Chlorides do not)