The Science of Matter Chapter 1

Chemistry The science that investigates and explains the structure and properties of matter.

Matter & Mass Matter: Anything that takes up space and has mass. Mass: The measure of the amount of matter that an object contains.

Properties Properties of matter describe the characteristics and behavior of matter, including the changes matter undergoes. Ex: Properties of Iron rusts magnetic turns to a liquid

Macroscopic & Microscopic Macroscopic: Matter that is large enough to be seen without a microscope. You can touch, feel, taste and see these properties. Microscopic: Objects seen with a microscope. Atoms

Classifying Matter Qualitative: An observation that can be made without measurement. Involves the analysis of data using words (heavy, blue, short, etc.) Quantitative: An observation that uses measurement. Ex: Temperature = 71C Mass = 15kg Time = 24 seconds

Mixture: A physical blend of two or more substances that are not chemically combined. Pure Substance: Matter with the same fixed composition and properties.

Pure Substance Mixture

Properties and Changes Physical Change: A change in matter that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance. Boiling, melting, dissolving, Physical Properties: Characteristics of matter that can be observed or measured. Freezing point, density, color, conductivity, physical state, etc

Heterogeneous Mixture: Does not have uniform composition and the individual substances remain separate. Homogenous Mixture: Are the same throughout.

Mixtures Heterogeneous Homogenous Stainless Steel Gatorade Granite M & M s

Homogenous Mixtures (Solutions) Some solutions are solids. Alloys are solid solutions that contain different metals. Gold Jewelry GW Bridge

Solutions Solute: the substance being dissolved Solvent: The substance that dissolved the solute Final Product =

Methods of Separation of Mixtures Distillation Filtration Magnetism

Distillation: -separate dissolved solids from a liquid -uses boiling and condensation.

Filtration: separates a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture

Example: Separate iron filings from sulfur using a magnet.

Elements, Compounds & Formulas The simplest form of matter. Cannot be broken down any further into simpler substances. Ex: Ca, N, Fe, Ag, Br Compounds: A chemical combination of two or more different elements chemically joined together in a fixed proportion. Ex: NaCl, H2O Formula: A combination of chemical symbols that shows what elements make up the compound and the number of atoms of each element.