The Industrial Revolution Part I

Causes of the Revolution 1. Wealth from overseas colonies Incentives for innovation Markets for manufactured goods 2. Geography Rivers (power water wheels) Natural resources Coal, iron, soil 3. Economic and Social mobility Ability to move up social hierarchy Banks, availability of loans 4. Workforce Skilled laborers (esp. with metal tools)

Why Britain? 1. Wealth from colonies 2. Abundance of natural resources 3. Social progress 4. Enclosure movement facilitated urban class Why not somewhere else? Only Europe had the ‘big three’ Incentives, materials, skilled labor

Mechanization the process of changing from working largely or exclusively by hand or with animals to doing that work with machinery. Textile industry Spinning Jenny, Flying Shuttle Water wheels Development of factories

Steam Engine Makes water power obsolete Factories could be built anywhere Production increased = mass production Products become more affordable Cotton Gin Transportation Steamboat Locomotive

Natural Resources Fossil Fuels Steel a natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms. Coal used to power steam engines, then petroleum Internal combustion engine Steel Lighter, stronger, more flexible than iron Allows for skyscrapers, better RRs, etc.

Industrialization in the USA Cotton Gin  Cotton plantations Textile industry flourishes in North Union victory in Civil War (1861-5) Outlaws slavery USA becomes pro-industry Completion of transcontinental railroad (1869) USA  biggest steel producer in world (1900)

Industrialization in the World Japan – transforms society to match West (Silk) Government stays involved in businesses Russia – Limited growth, focus on agriculture Serfdom still in practice until mid-1800s Latin America – despite major investments, remains focused on crops/peasant labor India – England controlled from 1750-1947 Leading producer of cotton. Textiles industrialize, but rest of region is slow to grow.

Industrialization in the World Ottoman Empire – Limited progress Leaders failed to recognize importance Africa – provided natural resources European imperialists controlled much of Africa China – rejected ideas from the West USA promoted ‘Open Door Policy’ for trade