BIG electricity Review

Models of electricity Particle Theory Protons Neutrons Electrons

Static Electricity Buildup of electrons Charges do not move

Insulators and Conductors Material where a charge is built up on the place it was rubbed Charges do not move freely on or through the material Plastic Glass rubber Conductor Material where a charge can move freely Copper Silver Iron

Charges Positive MORE PROTONS than electrons Negative MORE ELECTRONS than protons Neutral EQUAL AMOUNTS of protons and electrons

Laws of electrical charge Two objects with a like charge will always repel one another Two objects of opposite charge will always attract each other Neutral objects Attracted by charged objects

Types of charges Charging by friction Transfer by contact Transferred by rubbing action Transfer by contact One object is charged and the other is neutral Extra electrons are transferred from one object to the other Charging by Induction Charged object comes close to neutral object Object is grounded and loses extra electrons Becomes charged as well

Current Electricity Q- Amount of Charge- Coulombs- C I- Current- Amperes (Amps)- A T- Time- Seconds- S

Example How much charge would there be in a circuit if 10,000 amps of charge flow past a point in 2 hours? How many amps would a circuit have if 500 coulombs of charge past through a point in a circuit in 5 seconds? How many seconds would it take for 200 coulombs of charge were flowing at 100 amps.

Voltage Electric potential energy Stored energy Electric potential difference Difference in amount of charge at one point compared to another

Electric potential difference = Voltage

Voltage E- Potential Energy- Joules- J Q- Amount of Charge- Coulombs- C V- Potential Difference- Volts- V

If a power source puts out 800 joules of electricity, and this causes 40 coulombs of charge to pass through a circuit, what is the potential difference created by the circuit?

Resistance Resistance The ability to slow down flow of electrons

V- Potential Difference- voltage- V I- Current- Amperes (Amps)- A R- Resistance-Ohms- Ω

Parts of a Circuit Load Causes resistance in a circuit and preforms an action Light (Lamp) Motor Switch Interrupts the flow of electrons Power Source Battery Provides a constant flow of electrons

Series Circuits Resistance increases as more loads are added As resistance increases- current decreases Current is the same in all the parts of the circuit If one part of the circuit is broken the current stops flowing When batteries are placed in series- voltage increases

Parallel Circuits When multiple loads are connected in a way where there multiple pathways for current to flow If one light goes out, other lights will stay on Each time a load is added current increases Batteries connected in parallel have the same amount of voltage

Draw a series and a parallel circuit

Power P- Power- Watts- w I- Current- Amperes (Amps)- A V-Potential Difference- Volts- V

Example How much power is used if a 120v stereo has 10 amps of current? If 1kw of power was used by a 100 amp line, what would the potential difference be?

Energy consumption P-Power- Watts or Kilowatts- W or kW E- Energy- Joules or Kilowatt hours- J or kWh P-Power- Watts or Kilowatts- W or kW T- Time- Seconds or Hours- s or h

Meter Reading

Electrical Safety

Electromotive Force Electromagnetism Photoelectric Thermoelectric Generators turbines Photoelectric Photocells Solar panels Thermoelectric Thermopanels Thermocouples Piezoelectric BBQ lighter Electrochemical Batteries