Aim: How did America’s foreign policy from 1890-1920 reflect a change from earlier positions? Do Now: Answer the following questions: What is an empire? Why would a country want to build an empire? Do you believe the United States is an empire today or was ever an empire? Explain with details. Homework: a) Read White Man’s Burden and answer questions

Quotes on Imperialism “Up to and including 1880, the country had a frontier of settlement, but at the present the unsettled area has been so broken into…that there can hardly be said to be a frontier line.” -Superintendent of the Census 1890 “God has not been preparing the English-speaking and Teutonic peoples for a thousand years for nothing but vain and idle self-admiration. NO! He has made us the master organizers of the world to establish systems where chaos reigns…He has made us adept in government that we may administer government among savages and senile peoples.” -Senator Alfred Beveridge “Small states are of the past and have no future. . . . The great nations are rapidly absorbing for their future expansion and their present defense all the waste places of the earth. It is a movement which makes for civilization and the advancement of the race. As one of the great nations of the world, the United states must not fall out of the line of march.” - Senator Henry Cabot Lodge “Whether we will it or no, Americans must now look outward. The growing production of the country demands it. An increasing volume of public sentiment demands it. The position of the United States, between the two Old Worlds and the two great oceans, makes the same claim which will soon be strengthened by the creation of a new link joining the Atlantic and Pacific. The tendency will be maintained and increased by the growth of the European colonies in the Pacific, by the advancing civilization of Japan, and by the rapid peopling of our Pacific States…Three things are needful: First, protection from the chief harbors, by the fortifications and coast-defense ships…Secondly, naval force, the arm of offensive power, which alone enables a country to extend its influence outward. Thirdly, no foreign state should henceforth acquire a coaling station within three thousand miles of San Francisco.” -Alfred T. Mahan

Quotes on Imperialism Questions: 1. What main reason does Senator Beveridge give to support US imperialism in the 1890s? 2. What main reason does Senator Henry Cabot Lodge to support US imperialism in the 1890s? 3. What social philosophy of the time period does Senator Henry Cabot Lodge believe in? Why?

Reasons for Imperialism Quotes on Imperialism Reasons for Imperialism Power Growth Resources Protection Expanded Culture Reputation Control

Debate over Acquisition (Quick Review) Imperialist - It’s the duty of the US to be involved in world affairs. The Acquisition of Hawaii and the Philippines were necessary for building the reputation of the US. Either way, the Philippines would be in control of one western power, so better the US than Germany or Russia. Anti-Imperialism – William Jennings Bryan is back as the Anti-Imperialist leader. If the US became imperialistic the US: Would be abandoning its commitment to democracy and the ideals of the Declaration of Independence. Furthermore, they were afraid that if the US had possession of Islands near Asia would inevitably involve the US in Asian politics and wars.

The White Man’s Burden “The White Man’s Burden” is a poem by the English poet Rudyard Kipling. the supposed responsibility of the white race to provide care for their non-white subjects.

Factors that led to the United States to follow a foreign policy of imperialism New Technology - improvements in transportation and communication shortened distances around the world. Drive for Markets and Raw Materials - business owners wanted access to raw materials for their factories and more oversea markets to sell their products and help provide economic stability. Growth of Naval Power - As foreign trade grew, the United States needed to protect their shipping routes and needed to establish naval bases around the globe to refuel and resupply ships.

Closing of the Frontier - the frontier was officially closed in 1893 and many Americans believed the country should expand beyond its current borders. Social Darwinism - The United States believed it was superior to other nations and believed that superior nations had to dominate inferior nations in order to survive. Missionary Spirit - The United States wanted to help spread Christianity and “civilization” to other people of the world.

Acquisitions During Imperialism Alaska William Seward, Johnson’s Secretary of State, arranged for the US to buy Alaska for $ 7.2 million from Russia Seward had trouble convincing the House of Representatives to approve the purchase “Seward’s Icebox” 2 cents/acre US acquired lands rich in timber, minerals and OIL Became a state in 1959

Acquisitions During Imperialism Hawaii Independent country ruled by a monarch Large sugar plantations US led revolution against Hawaiian ruler President Cleveland refused to annex Hawaii because it was taken by force  Independent Republic of Hawaii Finally annexed during Spanish-American war

Acquisitions During Imperialism Philippines Treaty of Paris (1899) ended Spanish-American War and gave the Philippines to the US in exchange for $ 20 million dollars. Emilio Aguidaldo declared a republic and independent Philippines (more than 4,000 American die fighting) At the end of the insurrection Philippines came under American control

Acquisitions During Imperialism Samoa Served as a fueling station for the United States Navy beginning in 1872 Britain and Germany showed interest in island as well In 1889, US and Germany decide to split the island and give England other considerations

Sum It Up – Exit Slip How did America’s foreign policy from 1890-1920 reflect a change from earlier positions?