The French Revolution 1

https://youtu.be/IpKqCu6RcdI https://www.history.com/topics/france/french-revolution https://youtu.be/IpKqCu6RcdI

Causes Social: Political: Economic: Estates General(The Three Estates) The Enlightenment Political: Weak leaders (Absolute Monarch) Economic: Financial debt

10,000 Maniacs: “Lions Share” CROSS THIS OUT ON YOUR NOTES Who do the lambs represent in this song? Who does the lion represent in this song? What do you think is suggested in the last line of this song? 5

Social Causes 3 Estate System: 1st Estate = clergy 1% of population and owned 10% of land Paid 2% of their income to the government 2nd Estate = nobles and aristocrats 2% of population and owned 20% of land Did not pay any taxes 3rd Estate = peasants, and artisans 97% of population Most paid 50% of income to the nobles, church and/or King 6

Political Causes Weak Absolute Monarch: Absolute Monarch: Monarch is ultimate governing authority and is not restrained by laws or a constitution. King Louis XIV: Considered himself the “Sun King” (believed he was God’s representative = divine right) 7

Economic Causes Financial Debt: French government had accumulated a large national debt from: 1.) Supporting the colonies during the American Revolution. 2.) Extravagant spending on courts, jewelry, parties, and clothing (Who did most of this spending?) 8

Discontent in France Faced with financial crisis, the French Government called a meeting of the Estates General (the French parliamentary body) in May of 1789. The Estates General was made up of members of the First (clergy), Second (nobility), and Third (commoners) Estates and met at Versailles. During the following month, the First and Second Estate clashed with the Third Estate on a variety of issues, including the right to vote by head instead of by order.

The Tennis Court Oath On June 17, the Third Estate decided to break from the Estates General and draw up their own constitution. On June 20, 1789 they found themselves locked out of their regular meeting place, and so they gathered in an nearby tennis court and vowed that they would continue to meet until they had established a new constitution for France. This was the first step of the French Revolution, as the Third Estate had no right to act as the National Assembly

Storming of the Bastille Events at Bastille July 14, 1789 Local government trying to get arms (Gun Powder) Revolts in the countryside

Video Clip: Gap Between Rich and Poor https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEZqarUnVpo

Reign of Terror Lead by extremist in the National Assembly Period of extreme violence during the French Revolution Guillotine (new instrument of justice) Government: Revolutionary Tribunal Exercised broad dictatorial powers Ordered the execution of 2,400 people in Paris by July 1794 (30,000 killed in France) 13

Maximilien Robespierre Radical revolutionary leader “Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible” Wanted to eliminate all who were associated with the monarchy Executed by followers (ends the Reign of Terror) 14

Based on the figure above, in what stage would the Reign of Terror belong? A) Return of Moderates B) Rule by Radical Revolutionaries C) Emergence of a Strong Leader D) Rule by Moderate Reformers 15

Post-Revolutionary France Constitutional Monarchy (The Directory) Overthrown in 1799 by a coup d’etat led by Napoleon Bonaparte coup d’etat: sudden and violent overthrow of an existing government Napoleon eventually becomes the military dictator of France 16

Napoleon’s Rule Napoleon established many reforms in France that are still present today: Strengthened the economy through tax reform and created a national bank (bank of France) Established a public school system that stressed nationalism Set up a centralized government (under his control) 17

Centralized Government What is a centralized government? What is an example of a centralized government? 18

Napoleon’s Impact Napoleonic Code: French civil code established by Napoleon Included: 1.) Social equality 2.) Religious toleration 3.) Trial by jury 19

Napoleon’s Impact As Napoleon conquered much of Europe, he introduced the Napoleonic Code and its ideals. This led to the abolishment of serfdom, religious toleration, and reforming the local laws in the newly conquered lands. 20

Napoleon’s Impact French rule was greatly resented by others, which unintentionally fueled the growth of nationalism. Napoleon also weakened Spain, which lost its colonial empire in Latin America to independence movements. 21

Big Picture While French nationalism soared, other European nations resented the French armies that were conquering Europe. 22

Big Picture Nationalism increased in nations conquered by Napoleon, which led to revolts. Example: Those in Spain and Portugal rebelled against the French rule and used guerilla warfare (hit and run tactics) to force the French out. 23

Nationalism Nationalism: Pride for one’s country and a desire for independence

Napoleon’s Downfall Napoleon’s invasion of Russia led to downfall. French troops drawn deep into Russia as Russian troops retreated. Scorched earth policy Harsh winter 25

DayQuest 11/21/13 What were three effects of the French Revolution?

Aftermath of French Revolution Congress of Vienna: (1814) Meeting held by European leaders to establish new borders and control the spread of the revolutionary ideas. These leaders wanted: Peace Balance of power Restore Monarchs (crush democratic ideas)

French Revolution (long-term effects) Nationalistic feeling among France, but also around the world. Violently transformed France from: Absolute Monarchy Rigid social hierarchy (3 estates) To: Loosened social structure with power passed to the middle class Democracy (eventually) 28

Revolutionary Ideas Nationalism and independence were products of the French Revolution Nationalism: pride for one’s country and a desire for independence These revolutionary ideas spread throughout Europe and around the world 29

Nationalism What is nationalism? What effects can it have? (Graphic Organizer) 30

DayQuest 11/22/13 Who were three Libertadores and what did they want to accomplish?

Latin American Discontent 32

Causes of Discontent Social Political Economical Ethnic and Social hierarchy Enlightenment Ideas Political Independence Rights and Freedoms Economical Colonial rule (mercantilism) 33

Social Causes 34

Social Hierarchy What are 3 things that are wrong with the social structure found in the Spanish colonies? 35

Social Causes of the Latin American Independence Movement Enlightenment Ideas: The ideas of Enlightenment philosophers also spread across Europe due to Napoleon Ideas from Locke and Montesquieu influenced other nations to revolt and try to establish their own independent government

Political Causes of the Latin American Independence Movement Latin American colonies saw that Spain was weakened by France (Napoleon) and took the opportunity to gain independence Wanted to establish their own government based on the ideas of the Enlightenment (freedoms and rights) 37

Economic Causes of the Latin American Independence Movement Mercantilism: system in which colonies supplied the parent nation with raw materials and served as a market for its exports Latin American nations wanted to manufacture their own goods and create their own economic prosperity 38

Simon Bolivar Educated Creole who admired the French and American Revolutions. A nationalist who wanted independence for Latin American nations. Known as “the Liberator” for aiding the independence movements in Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. 39

Other Latin American Nationalists: Libertadores Miguel Hidalgo (Mexico) Jose de San Martin (Argentina) Toussaint L’Ouverture (Haiti) Bernardo O’Higgins (Chile) 40

What accounts for the change shown in the maps? Using the map, list 3 countries that gained independence from 1790 to 1828. What accounts for the change shown in the maps? 41

Nationalism in Latin America What effect did nationalism have on Latin America? A) Bring together B) Break free C) Bust apart 42

DayQuest 11/25/13 What were three effects of the Latin American Revolutions?