Brazilian Revolution

Context cities were becoming more industrialized and complex slavery was becoming abolished in most places Trade was becoming more world wide Huge variety of of goods being spread Cultural diffusion Along with trade came disease Wars and revolutions are taking place in the Americas

SPICE Social: Men had complete power over women and slaves were very prominent Political: One king controlled the whole Brazilian state and his son, dom pedro took over when he died. Interaction: Slaves are still being traded so there is a high level of disease; there is advanced technology because they have experienced wars before and high level of trade Culture: Most brazilians were Catholic Economic: High level of trade and they were starting to become more industrialized

CAUSES The discord between Creoles and Peninsulares with the Creoles at a political, social, and economic disadvantage Creoles were not able to hold political and judicial positions that Spain reserved only for Peninsulares The barrier to upward and economic social mobilities created stress in the Spanish colonial order The heavy taxes on colonial goods that benefited Spain and not the colonies

Important people Creoles Napoleon Prince pedro King joao Drive the revolution through their desires to become independent from the peninsulares, They also believed they were culturally different than Portugal ; therefore, they formed a party to lobby for Brazilian independence. Napoleon Conquered portugal with the thought that he could take Britain from this standpoint. Prince pedro Son of King Jaoa, who was left in charge of Brazil after his father returned to portugal. Convinced by the Creoles to proclaim Brazil as an independent monarchy where he was the king King joao Fled to Brazil when Napoleon took over Portugal. He loved his life in Brazil and when NApoleon left Portugal he was convinced to return order to rule his nation. He left his son in charge of Brazil when he departed.

Goals One goal of the revolution came from the creoles in their desire to be a independent from the Peninsulares Other goal was to become an independent nation from Portugal and become their own country

Results Who “won” the Brazilian Revolution? Status Quo upper class, plantation owners slavery remained, classes very defined slaves got short end, no gain in rights for them Status Quo Prince Pedro declared himself king slaves still prominent to running plantations slavery didn’t become abolished for so long in Brazil because of not gaining rights during the war for independence little death and destruction

Conclusions and Analysis The initial government of Brazil was a monarchy at the royal court of lisbon that operated under the Cortes (parliament) in Portugal.The common hierarchy of Latin American countries of white Portuguese landowners who were dominant to the creole and native populations. With the acquisition of Portugal (and in turn, Brazil) by France and Napoleon, the royal court fled to Rio de Janeiro. When Napoleon's empire was dismantled and the king returned to Portugal, he left his son Pedro in Brazil. He soon began to identify with the Brazilians. When Emperor Pedro I took back over, he listened to his major creole population as they wanted to dissolve European ties after the chaos of Napoleon's takeover. He declared Brazil independent, thus continuing the Portuguese monarchy in Brazil, except the new monarchy was now completely isolated in Brazil.

Borrowed tactics and ideas B. In the fullest extent, Pedro borrowed tactics for governing from his family. He merely continued the monarchy the same way the Portuguese did. When he declared independence however, he borrowed from Enlightenment ideals to create a constitutional monarchy like those of the United States and France (temporarily).

Changes in Social and Political Structure C and D. There was very minimal change in citizenship and individual rights. The goal of this irregular revolution was for the Creoles to maintain their status as relatively respectable individuals in society. However with the sudden absence of am upper-class white majority, more room was given to creoles to grow economically and socially. Enlightenment ideals didn’t reach African slaves in Brazil. Brazil kept up the institution of slavery until finally abolishing it in 1888. Minimal economic change occurred too, as Brazil kept up their dependence on plantation labor.

Losers of the Struggle E. There were really no “losers” in Brazil’s revolutionary struggle, but Portugal did lose hegemony with its loss of this big territory. Just as Napoleon had left Portugal and things went back to normal, it lost one of its biggest economic stimuli and territory. If one group were to be the “losers,” it’d be African slaves in Portugal. Although not involved in the struggle for independence, they received no rights from it.

Institution of Slavery F. As previously mentioned, the institution of slavery continued in a major way in Brazil. Africans were kept subservient and kept working on plantations. Slavery persisted in brazil until the passing of “the Golden Law” in Brazil on may 13th, 1888. Brazil was the last Western hemisphere nation to abolish slavery as well.

Comparison to American/French Revolution Similar to American revolution - wanted to be free from Peninsulares Freedom from Portugal There were changes in American/French revolutions - not much of a change in the Latin American revolution Little death and destruction Considered more of an independence revolution - still tried overthrow higher class Not many results - stayed mostly the same

SPICE SOCIAL- social classes continued to be defined POLITICAL- Prince Pedro declared himself king of Brazil INTERACTION- slaves continued to be traded, important to plantations and economy CULTURAL- Brazilian culture remained, previously had differentiated Portuguese culture and Brazilian culture ECONOMIC- becoming more advanced and industrialized maintained the idea of being an export economy

Timeline 1822- 1825 - War of Independence of Brazil 1822 - Prince Pedro declared Brazil an independent monarchy 1824 - Constitution of 1824 adopted 1825 - War for independence ends

Global Effects Preserved the idea of Popular Sovereignty in the New World Influenced distinction of cultures On a world-wide standpoint the Brazilian Revolution did not have any huge impacts outside of the New World