Do Now I have a macromolecule made of CHO and forms chains. Who is it? I have a macromolecule that is used for long term storage. Who is it? I have a macromolecule that is the main part of the cell membrane. Who is it? I have a macromolecule that is contains triglycerides. Who is it? I have a macromolecule that is hydrophobic. Who is it?

Do Now October 11th, 2018 Get out your 1st Nine Weeks study guide. Continue working on the study guide. After the timer goes off, I will answer 10 questions from the class to help you study/complete this assignment. Voice Level 0, Independent ** You may use your notes. **

DNA Replication SC.912.L.16.3- Describe the basic process of DNA replication and how it relates to the transmission and conservation of the genetic information

DNA REP Objective: Recall the components and structure of DNA and Describe the process of DNA replication and its role in the transmission and conservation of genetic information. EQ: How does the process of DNA replication allow for information to be retained and transferred?

Structure of DNA Quick review! DNA and Nucleotides… Which is the polymer and which is the monomer? Nucleic acids (DNA) = polymer Nucleotides = monomer What is the structure of a nucleotide? DNA? Nucleotide- phosphate, sugar, nitrogen base DNA- double helix (spiral)

Developments in DNA Structure Erwin Chargaff: determined that different organisms have the same 4 bases but in different ratios Also noted that the amounts of C and G were relatively the same; A and T were also the same James Watson, Francis Crick: developed accurate model of DNA’s double helix structure Used info from x-ray crystallography Rosalind Franklin, Maurice Wilkins: looked at the structure of DNA using x-ray crystallography

Structure of DNA Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (DNA) is made up of the monomer: nucleotides Each nucleotide has 3 parts: Phosphate group Deoxyribose (sugar) Nitrogen-containing base

DNA Structure 4 Nucleotides (bases): Adenine (A) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Thymine (T) Notice that G and C look similar and pair together!

Structure of DNA Single-ring bases pair with double-ring bases to form a double helix (spiral ladder) Sugar-phosphate backbones form sides of ladder Nitrogen bases pair to form the rungs of the ladder Base Pairing Rules: A pairs with T C pairs with G

Base-Pairs Practice Which base would be paired with… Adenine pairs with thymine

Base-Pairs Practice Which base would be paired with… Cytosine pairs with guanine

Base-Pairs Practice Which base would be paired with… Thymine pairs with adenine

Base-Pairs Practice C – T – A – G – G G – A – T – C – C Write the sequence of nucleotides that would be paired with the first strand C – T – A – G – G G – A – T – C – C

DNA Replication DNA only stores genetic information and acts as a template; Specialized proteins are used to replicate the DNA Each single strand of DNA can be used as a template for a new strand All cells have a complete set of DNA Different types of cells express the genes differently, but all cells still have ALL DNA

Process of Replication Enzymes (helicase) unzip the double helix at origins of replication - Occurs in multiple locations on the eukaryotic strand of DNA

Process of Replication 2. As lone nucleotides are exposed by the unzipping of the DNA, enzymes (DNA Polymerases) pair free-floating nucleotides in the nucleus with the bases on the original strand DNA polymerase new strand nucleotide

Process of Replication 3. The result is two identical strands of DNA - One side of each strand is the original strand (template) - The other side of the strand is the newly-synthesized complementary strand original strand new strand Two molecules of DNA

How do you eat DNA-spaghetti? With a replication fork

Semiconservative Replication The process of DNA replication is semiconservative Each DNA strand is half of the original and half replicated (new) Conservative replication would have one copy of the DNA with both original strands; the other copy of DNA would have both new strands Proofreading: enzymes (DNA polymerases) check for errors, replace mismatched nucleotides

Think, Pair, Share Why is it important for the process of DNA replication to be accurate? Where is DNA in the cell? Where does DNA rep take place?

Left Side Activity! Modeling the structure of DNA… WITH CANDY!!! Using twizlers, gummy bears, and toothpicks, go through the process of DNA replication. C- level 2, talk to your table partner H- ask three before me A- using provided materials, go through the process of DNA Replication M- Remain seated in your assigned seat P- create and replicate your own DNA strand Success

Exit ticket Clear your desk of everything except something to write with and your DO NOW.

During DNA replication two identical DNA molecules are produced from one original molecule. Which statement below explains why the newly formed molecules are identical to the original? The original DNA molecule breaks down into nucleotides that are reassembled by DNA polymerase into two new molecules. The nitrogen base adenine can only pair with cytosine and thiamine. Each strand of the original molecule serves as a template for the two new stands, and new nucleotides are added to the template according to the pairing rule. The nitrogen base adenine can only pair with guanine and phosphate groups.

As a sequence of nucleotides A segment of DNA is represented in the illustration. How is information for a specific protein carried on the DNA molecule? As a sequence of nucleotides  In the double-helix shape of the condensed chromosome In the ratio of adenines to thymines  As a pattern of phosphates and sugars

Each strand of a DNA molecule contains nitrogenous bases that pair with other nitrogenous bases in very specific ways. A diagram of a section of DNA is shown. Which DNA strand is complementary to the one shown above? A. B. C. D.

Four different nucleotides are used as building blocks of DNA Four different nucleotides are used as building blocks of DNA. Which of the following can be used to distinguish one nucleotide from another? The nitrogenous base The shape of the deoxyribose sugar The length of the phosphate group The type of fatty acid

Which statement describes this model of DNA? A student used poster board to construct this model of a section of DNA. Which statement describes this model of DNA? The model is inaccurate because the base pairs are incorrect. The model is accurate because it contains correctly paired bases. The model is accurate because it shows each base splitting to form a double helix. The model is inaccurate because some typical bases in DNA are missing. .