Panel Session 3 Small Modular Reactors Chairman: Prof Johan Slabber

Introduction Main objectives Generic types Main issues 2nd NUCLEAR REGULATORY INFORMATION CONFERENCE Presentation Outline Introduction Main objectives Generic types Main issues

2nd NUCLEAR REGULATORY INFORMATION CONFERENCE Introduction The IAEA has up to now devoted a number of initiatives to support the development and deployment of SMRs; It recognized their potential as options for enhancing the energy supply security both in expanding and embarking countries; The driving forces in the development of such reactors are: - meeting the need for flexible power generation; - replacing ageing fossil fuel power plants; - enhancing safety performance (inherent and passive); - offering better economic affordability; - suitability for non-electric or co-generation applications; - offering options for remote regions off-grid; - offering possibilities for synergy with other energy sources.

2nd NUCLEAR REGULATORY INFORMATION CONFERENCE Main Objectives Modular reactors defined as advanced reactors that produce electric power up to 300 MWe; The trend in the development has been towards design certification of small modular reactors; Designed for sub-systems to be built in factories and shipped on skids to site; Offers the opportunity to reduce lengthy construction times, increase quality and therefore reduce financing costs; The projected timelines of readiness range from now to 2025 - 2030

2nd NUCLEAR REGULATORY INFORMATION CONFERENCE Generic Types Water–cooled reactors; High Temperature Reactors; Liquid metal cooled reactors operating in the fast neutron part of spectrum; Possibly also transportable plants including floating or seabed-based;

2nd NUCLEAR REGULATORY INFORMATION CONFERENCE Important Issues Proving technical issues on innovative designs important to licensing; Building activities close to an operating reactor; Co-generation siting difficulties with HTR applications; Concepts of operations; Staffing and security requirements; Size of emergency planning zones (EPZ); Licensing process; Legal and regulatory framework; Capacity building in embarking countries.

2nd NUCLEAR REGULATORY INFORMATION CONFERENCE Overview of SMR development status in 2016 11 countries are developing about 50 SMR designs with different time-scales and 4 units are either under construction or have a certified design. Source: Dr M. Hadid Subki “Advances in Development and Deployment of SMR Design and Technology” IAEA Presentation

2nd NUCLEAR REGULATORY INFORMATION CONFERENCE End