𝑲𝑵𝑶 𝟑 Potassium Nitrate Kemal VATANSEVER 9-D 216

Origin of 𝑲𝑵𝑶 𝟑 In 1270, by the chemist and engineer Hasan al-Rammah In his book al-Furusiyya wa al-Manasib al-Harbiyya Origin of 𝑲𝑵𝑶 𝟑

First the purification of barud. The manufacture of gunpowder and explosive devices. From a Chinese origin for the gunpowder weapons about the book.  Potassium nitrate was called: "Chinese snow" by Arabs "Chinese salt" by Iranians.

Development It attend the world by the usage in gunpowder. Highly important in19th century. From the end of World War Almost all potassium nitrate is used as a fine chemical It is produced from basic potassium salts and nitric acid. Development

Production NH4NO3 (aq) + KOH (aq) → NH3 (g) + KNO3 (aq) + H2O (l) (Too dangerous) NH4NO3 (aq) + KCl (aq) → NH4Cl (aq) + KNO3 (aq) KOH (aq) + HNO3 → KNO3 (aq) + H2O (l) (Highly exothermic) Production

Properties Molar mass 101.1032 g/mol(101) Odor Odorless Melting point 334 °C Boiling point 400 °C (Decomposition) Acidity(pH) 7(Nearly Neutral) Properties

Structure Changes According to States Potassium nitrate has an orthorhombic crystal structure at room temperature. It transforms to a trigonal system at 129 °C. Above 560 °C, decomposition takes places by generating potassium nitrite and oxygen: 2 KNO3 → 2 KNO2 + O2 Structure Changes According to States

Usage Fertilizer A source of nitrogen and potassium for plants. Oxidizer One of the three components of black powder, with powdered charcoal (carbon) and sulfur. In combination with other fuels, such as, with sugars in rocket candy . Fireworks, Smoke bombs Pre-rolled cigarettes for maintaining an even burn of the tobacco. Usage

Food Preservation For preservation of salted meat since the Middle Ages Due to inconsistent results compared to more modern nitrate and nitrite compounds it is less used.

Pharmacology In toothpastes for sensitive teeth and increasing rate of use. To relieve asthma symptoms again in toothpastes. Treating of asthma and arthritis.

Experiment 𝐾𝑁𝑂 3 (Potassium Nitrate) 𝐻𝐶𝑙 (Hydrogen Chloride) Precipitation Reaction Experiment

During the experiment 𝐾𝑁𝑂 3(𝑎𝑞) + 𝐻𝐶𝑙 (𝑎𝑞) 𝐾𝐶𝑙 (𝑠) + 𝐻𝑁𝑂 3(𝑎𝑞) 𝐾𝑁𝑂 3(𝑎𝑞) + 𝐻𝐶𝑙 (𝑎𝑞) 𝐾𝐶𝑙 (𝑠) + 𝐻𝑁𝑂 3(𝑎𝑞) Potassium Nitrate + Hydrochloric Acid Potassium Chlorine + Nitric Acid During the experiment

Let’s Do the Experiment Thanks for Listening Let’s Do the Experiment