Mind Stretcher – Copy Both Which is larger: prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells? What type of cells make up the human body? (Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic) Eukaryotic

Directions Get out your organizer from Friday Complete the back using pages 68 & 69 in the textbook

cytoplasm Cell membrane

Discovering the Cell Standard S7L2b: Relate cells structures (cell membranes, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, mitochondria) to basic cell functions

Did You Know? We are made up of microscopic living things called: CELLS There are Approximately 100 TRILLION cells in the Human Body. 100 Trillion

The Parts Cells are made up of different parts called organelles. Each part has a specific function! The Organelles: Nucleus Mitochondria Cytoplasm Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Bodies (Apparatus) Vacuoles Lysosomes Cell Membrane Cell Wall Chloroplast

Cell Membrane Function- To protect the cell and allow things IN and OUT. Analogy- A Cell Membrane is like a FENCE. Found- Animal & Plant Cells

https://youtu.be/LKN5sq5dtW4

Cytoplasm Function- Gel-like fluid found all throughout the cell; All other organelles are suspended (floating) in it. Analogy- The Cytoplasm is like Jell-O, constantly moving & swishing around Found- Plant & Animal Cells

Cyto + Plasm = Cell Shape Cyto = Cells Plasm= Shape Cyto + Plasm = Cell Shape

Cytoplasm Cytoplasm is basically the thick gel like substance that fills the cell sometimes called cytosol. It helps move materials around the cell. It contains enzymes, fatty acids, sugars, and amino acids that are used to keep the cell working. It breaks down larger molecules so other organelles can use them. Waste products are also dissolved before they are taken in by vacuoles or sent out of the cell.

The Nucleus Function- DNA (our genes) is found here. It directs the cell’s activities and houses the nucleolus. (Tells all the other parts what to do! ) Analogy- Acts like the Brain Found- Animal & Plant Cells

Found INSIDE the Nucleus! Nucleolus Found INSIDE the Nucleus!

Mitochondria Function- Performs respiration which breaks down sugar to produce energy! (In the form of ATP) Analogy- “Power plant” of the Cell Found- Animal & Plant Cells

Mitochondria They are very small and cells may contain several thousand of them. It all depends on the cells needs. If the cell feels it is not getting enough energy, than more can be created. Food such as glucose (sugar) is broken down into carbon dioxide and water which releases energy. We breathe in oxygen to help this process.

Where is Mitochondria??

What does it look like on the inside?

Ribosomes Function- Makes protein out of amino acid. All cells need protein to function! Analogy- Ribosomes are like a Protein Factory Found- Animal & Plant Cells

Where are Ribosomes?

Endoplasmic Reticulum Function- Carry proteins and other cell materials from one part of cell to another. Two Types- Smooth ER and Rough ER Rough E.R. has Ribosomes Smooth E.R. does NOT have Ribosomes! Analogy- Like Roadways/Highways Found- Animal & Plant Cells

Where is the Endoplasmic Reticulum: Rough E.R.? Smooth E.R?

Golgi Bodies/Golgi Apparatus : Function- Recieves Proteins (mail) from the E.R., Packages them (puts it in envelope) then Distributes them to other parts of cell (Mailman) Analogy- Like Post office Found- Plant & Animal Cells

Where are Golgi Bodies???

Vacuoles Function- Stores food and water; Largest are found in plant cells and smallest in animal cells. Analogy- Like a Storage Container Found- Plant & Animal Cells

Some Animal Cells have Vacuoles while Others Don’t!! Where is the Vacuole? Some Animal Cells have Vacuoles while Others Don’t!!

Lysosomes Function- Break down old cell parts & release them for recycling Analogy- Like the Janitors of the Cell Found- Plant & Animal Cells

Recap: Plant and Animal Cells are made of parts called ORGANELLES. Each Organelle has a Function/Job: Cytoplasm Surrounds and Constantly Moves Organelles Nucleus Brain Mitochondria Powerplant Endoplasmic Reticulum Roadways Ribosomes Protein Factories Golgi Bodies Post Office Vacuoles Food Storage Containers Lysosomes Janitors

A plant cell has two more organelles that animal cells don’t! But Wait…There’s More! A plant cell has two more organelles that animal cells don’t!

Chloroplast Function- Makes food for the cell through Photosynthesis Chlorophyll is a green pigment inside the chloroplast that traps the sunlight needed and gives plants their green color. Analogy- Like a Restaurant/Chef Found- Plant Cells

Cell Wall Function- Rigid, cellulose structure that gives support to a cell. Although made of different materials algae, fungi, bacteria, and archaea also have cell walls. Analogy- Like a brick wall surrounding a building! Found- Plant Cells