Biogeochemical Cycles

H.B.6B.1 Develop and use models of the carbon cycle, which include the interactions between photosynthesis, cellular respiration and other processes that release carbon dioxide, to evaluate the effects of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide on natural and agricultural ecosystems. H.B.6B.2 Analyze and interpret quantitative data to construct an explanation for the effects of greenhouse gases (such as carbon dioxide and methane) on the carbon cycle and global climate.

Cycles of Matter 1. The Carbon Cycle 2. The Nitrogen Cycle A. Recycling in the Biosphere B. The Water Cycle C. Nutrient Cycles 1. The Carbon Cycle 2. The Nitrogen Cycle 3. The Phosphorus Cycle

*Energy is not the only thing that moves through the ecosystem. http://mff.dsisd.net/Environment/Cycles.htm ENERGY & MATTER *Energy is not the only thing that moves through the ecosystem. Atoms are never destroyed . . . only transformed. Take a deep breath. The atoms you just inhaled may have been inhaled by a dinosaur millions of years ago. http://educ.queensu.ca/~fmc/august2004/pages/dinobreath.html

4 ATOMS make up 95% of the body in most organisms OXYGEN CARBON HYDROGEN NITROGEN The same molecules are passed around again and again within the biosphere in ___________________________ BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES

WATER CYCLE = ___________________ HYDROLOGIC CYCLE http://www.urbanrivers.org/water_cycle.html

WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT? Makes up 60-70% of your body Oxygen and Hydrogen are found in all the _____building blocks____________: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids Hydrogen in H2O supplies protons (H+) & electrons for_____________ photosynthesis http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/molecule.htm

WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT? SOLVENT Water is a good ____________ Many molecules dissolve in water so it provides a place for chemical reactions to happen Water doesn’t change temperature easily so it helps with __________________ HOMEOSTASIS http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/molecule.htm

WATER CYCLE condensation evaporation http://www.radio-canada.ca/jeunesse/fd6/000_images/cat/c_buee_c.gif

The evaporation of water from the surface of plant leaves http://www.css.cornell.edu/faculty/hmv1/watrshed/Etrans.htm The evaporation of water from the surface of plant leaves = ________________ TRANSPIRATION The return of water to the surface in the form of rain, snow, sleet, hail, etc. = ____________________ PRECIPITATION

Put in code: cbp-2033 Choose Start Image edited from: http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/water.html WATER CYCLE PH ONLINE LINK Put in code: cbp-2033 Choose Start

Terms for water cycle Precipitation Evaporation Transpiration Condensation Runoff

CARBON CYCLE CO2 in atmosphere CO2 in ocean BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

H.B.6B.1 Develop and use models of the carbon cycle, which include the interactions between photosynthesis, cellular respiration and other processes that release carbon dioxide, to evaluate the effects of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide on natural and agricultural ecosystems. H.B.6B.2 Analyze and interpret quantitative data to construct an explanation for the effects of greenhouse gases (such as carbon dioxide and methane) on the carbon cycle and global climate.

4 main CARBON reservoirs in BIOSPHERE In ____________ as CO2 gas In _______ as dissolved CO2 gas On _______ in organisms, rocks, soil __________ as coal & petroleum (fossil fuels) and calcium carbonate in rocks atmosphere ocean land Underground CO2 in atmosphere CO2 in Ocean BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

Where does CO2 in atmosphere come from? 1. Volcanic activity 2. Human activity (burning fossil fuels) CO2 in Ocean Cellular respiration 3. _________________ plants and animals release CO2 through respiration and decomposition 4.____________ of dead organisms Decomposition BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

Terms for Carbon cycle Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Combustion Decomposition

WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT? BUILDING BLOCKS Found in all the _______________ of cells: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids Image by Riedell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm

WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT? Carbon in CO2 provides the atoms for __________ production during __________________... the fuel that all living things depend on. GLUCOSE PHOTOSYNTHESIS http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2D7hZpIYlCA Crash course carbon cycle

6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight & chlorophyll C6H12O6 + 6O2 ALL ENERGY Begins with the SUN With Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight & chlorophyll C6H12O6 + 6O2 copyright cmassengale

Photosynthesis Chemical reaction where green plants use water & carbon dioxide to store the sun’s energy in glucose ENERGY is stored in glucose Glucose is stored as starch in plants copyright cmassengale

6O2 + C6H12O6 -->  6H2O + 6CO2 + energy CELLULAR RESPIRATION is the chemical reaction that releases the energy in glucose.It makes energy in the form of ATP. copyright cmassengale

Human Impact on Ecosystem https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5eTCZ9L834s