Introduction to Shakespearean Grammar Westwood Collegiate Ms. Warner

Pronouns Shakespearean Modern Context Thou You Subject Thee Object Thy Your Possessive (adjective) Thine Yours Possessive (object) Ye You (plural)

Thou vs Thee “Thou” is the subject case & “Thee” is the object Example: Dost thou see the dog? Translation: Do you see the dog? Here, thou is the subject who is seeing the dog! Example: Doth the dog see thee? Does the dog see you? Here, the dog is the object doing the seeing!

Thou vs. Thee Dost ________ know the answer? Choose Thou or Thee for the following: Dost ________ know the answer? Hath the king replied to ___________? By throth, ___________ is a coward! Perchance ____________ speakest false. Have I given ___________ reason to doubt? thou thee thou thou thee

Thy vs Thine thy thine thy thine “Thy” is an adjective, like “yours” in English. “Thine” is an object, like “yours” I do not trust ____________ word! This book is _____________, my lord. I mistook ___________ face for another. I would that I were _____________! (would =wish) thy thine thy thine

Thy vs Thine EXCEPTION! “Thine” is used instead of “thy” before a vowel, like an instead of “a” This is to help a sentence flow: To thine own heart be true! But that my nails can reach unto thine eye!

Verbs General Verb Endings: +st = 2nd person (you) +th = 3rd person (she, he, it, they) EXAMPLE: Hast though any money? Do you have any money? Hath he any money? Does he have any money?

Verbs Have 2nd Person 3rd Person Do Does Know Hast Hath Dost Doth Knowest Knoweth

Verbs ____________ thou see the king? (do) _____________ she any bread? (have) He ___________ the knave well! (know) She _____________ upon me with scorn. (look) _________ thou help me? (can) Verbs Dost Hath Knoweth Looketh Canst

Prepositions Here There Where Movement Towards Hither Thence / Thither Whence Whither Movement From Hence

Translate These Phrases English Shakespeare Do you see the dog? Dost thou see the dog? Seest thou the dog? 2. Can you go tonight? Canst thou go tonight? 3. Do you have time? Host thou time? Dost thou have time?

Translate These Phrases Shakespeare  English 1. Oh Romeo, Romeo. Where art thou Romeo? Oh Romeo. Where are you Romeo? 2. But whence hast thou been? But where have you been? 3. Come hither, nurse. Dost thou knowest thy gentleman? Come here nurse. Do you know this gentleman? 4. There lies more peril in thine eye than twenty of thine swords. There is more danger in your eyes that twenty of their swords.