Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure

Introduction

Challenges in the Diagnosis of ID

ID and Anemia Are Distinct Comorbidities of HF

Challenges in the Diagnosis of ID (Cont.)

Diagnosis of ID: Available by Routine Laboratory Tests

Blood Tests Used to Diagnose ID

ID Definitions Used in RCTs: Consistency Across Various Studies

Blood Tests Used to Diagnose ID (Cont.)

Algorithm for the Screening and Diagnosis of ID in Patients With HF

ID With or Without Anemia

ID Is Common in Patients With HF Regardless of the Presence of Anemia

Algorithm for the Screening and Diagnosis of ID in Patients With HF (Cont.)

Recommendations on the Screening and Diagnosis of ID in Patients With HF

Strategies to Improve the Identification and Diagnosis of ID in Patients With HF

Strategies to Improve the Identification and Diagnosis of ID in Patients With HF (Cont.)

ID in Patients With HFpEF

ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of HF

FAIR-HF: Co-Primary Endpoints

IV FCM in Patients With ID and HF According to the Presence of Anemia at Baseline

CONFIRM-HF: Primary Endpoint

Efficacy of FCM Stratified According to the Presence of Anemia

CONFIRM-HF: Time to First Hospitalization Due to Worsening HF

Effects of FCM on ID in HF: Meta-Analysis

Recurrent Event Analysis: CV Hospitalizations and CV Mortality

Meta-Analysis: Time to First Event Outcomes

EFFECT-HF

EFFECT-HF: Primary Endpoint Change in Peak VO2

Overall FCM Is Safe and Well Tolerated

High-Dose Oral Iron in HFrEF: Results of the IRONOUT HF Trial

Use of Oral Iron in Clinical Practice

Select Ongoing Trials With FCM

Summary and Conclusions

Abbreviations

Abbreviations (cont)

Abbreviations (cont)