Northern Renaissance IDEAS WORTH SPREADING!

Spread of the Renaissance 1490-Florence trade declines-Merchants complained Lorenzo Medici was too strict and spent too much money-Poor grumbled about lack of food and their conditions. A monk name Savonarola became the voice of the people. He accused the Medicis of not ruling justly and overthrew them in 1494. He did not like the loose life of the Renaissance and did away with gambling, swearing, parties, horse racing…his supporters burned paintings, fancy clothes, musical instruments and classical books. 1498-People of Florence tire of him, charge him as a heretic, he was hung-Medici back in power but greatness of Florence had past… After the death of Lorenzo the magnificent (Medici) in 1492 Popes became the foremost patrons of the arts 1500’s = High Renaissance Three artist lead the way: Leonardo, Raphael, Michelangelo-move to Rome Revolution in painting in Northern Europe = same time as Florence NORTHERN RENAISSANCE

Popes in ART Pope Martin V begins the Renaissance popes who were determined to glorify church and make Rome the artistic capital of Europe Julius II (1503-1513) longed to make Rome the capital of the world He tore down St Peter’s basilica and built a new one Enlisted Michelangelo who moved to Rome in 1496 Pieta, David and Sistine chapel ceiling among his greatest works 1508-1511 = Sistine ceiling, chapel built by Pope Sixtus IV in 1481 in Vatican Julius II lived long enough to see it completed by Michelangelo

Who is Raphael Santi? 1508 began painting Julius II’s library Task was to show how Christian and classical works had underlying unity “The School of Athens”-captured the Renaissance greats Favorite painter of Pope Leo X (Medici-son of Lorenzo) because of his personality and talent

Epitome of Renaissance Man: Leonardo came to Rome in 1513 (61 years old) Continued to work on inventions but not many interested Created a machine to make metal screws (only pope’s bro interested!) However did manage to paint two of most famous Renaissance arts: Last Supper & Mona Lisa portrayed his fascination with human personality Last Supper- power, originality-shows Judas transfixed Mona Lisa- psychological painting 1516 Francis I invited Leonardo to retire in France

FRANCE France was influenced by the Renaissance. French kings became fascinated by Italian architecture, art and fashions. Nobles hired Italian architects to design chateaux. Francis I in 1528 hired Italian architects to rebuild Fontainebleau = Center piece of French Renaissance. French authors were encouraged to model works of the Italian authors. Most famous French author was Rabelais.

Germany & Flanders The Renaissance spread to Germany and Flanders. Religious scholars learned Greek and Hebrew. Scholars wanted changes to make Church teachings simpler. German merchants appreciated Renaissance values and established a new privileged middle class. Durer emphasized realism in woodcuts & engraving Holbein influenced by Durer = painted portraits = Henry VIII hired him Northern European artists (Hubert and Jan Van Eyck) painted scenes from the Bible and daily life with oils (not egg whites!) Final phase of Renaissance (1600’s) = Renaissance influences democratic ideas